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@ARTICLE{Linnhoff:257572,
      author       = {Linnhoff, Stefanie and Haghikia, Aiden and Zähle, Tino},
      title        = {{E}ffects of repetitive twice-weekly transcranial direct
                      current stimulations on fatigue and fatigability in people
                      with multiple sclerosis.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00452},
      pages        = {5878},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Fatigue is associated with a dramatically decreased quality
                      of life in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). It refers
                      to a constant subjective feeling of exhaustion and
                      performance decline, known as fatigability. However,
                      inconsistency and heterogeneity in defining and assessing
                      fatigue have led to limited advances in understanding and
                      treating MS-associated fatigue. Transcranial direct current
                      stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising,
                      non-pharmaceutical treatment strategy for subjective
                      fatigue. However, whether repetitive tDCS also have
                      long-term effects on time-on-task performance has not yet
                      been investigated. This pseudorandomized, single-blinded,
                      and sham-controlled study investigated tDCS effects on
                      behavioral and electrophysiological parameters. 18 pwMS
                      received eight twice-weekly 30 min stimulations over the
                      left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Fatigability was
                      operationalized as time-on-task-related changes in reaction
                      time variability and P300 amplitude. Additionally,
                      subjective trait and state fatigue ratings were assessed.
                      The results revealed an overall decrease in subjective trait
                      fatigue ratings that lasted at least four weeks after the
                      stimulations. However, the ratings declined after both
                      anodal and sham tDCS. No effects were found on subjective
                      state fatigue and objective fatigability parameters. Linear
                      Mixed Models and Bayesian Regression models likewise favored
                      the absence of a tDCS effect on fatigability parameters. The
                      results confirm the complex relationship between
                      MS-associated fatigue and fatigability. Reliable and
                      clinically relevant parameters need to be established to
                      extend the potential of tDCS for treating fatigability.
                      Furthermore, our results indicate that consecutive
                      stimulations rather than twice-weekly stimulations should be
                      the preferred stimulation scheme in future studies.},
      keywords     = {Fatigue: diagnosis / Humans / Transcranial Direct Current
                      Stimulation: methods / Multiple Sclerosis: complications /
                      Quality of Life / Bayes Theorem / Fatigue: complications /
                      Fatigue: etiology / Fatigue: physiopathology / Fatigue:
                      therapy / Multiple Sclerosis: physiopathology / Single-Blind
                      Method / Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex / Task Performance
                      and Analysis / Reaction Time},
      cin          = {AG Düzel 3},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000006},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37041183},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10090173},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-023-32779-y},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/257572},
}