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@ARTICLE{Koukourakis:257788,
      author       = {Koukourakis, Nektarios and Wagner, Felix and Rothe, Stefan
                      and Karl, Mike Oliver and Czarske, Jürgen W},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of human organoid retina with digital
                      holographic transmission matrix measurements},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {2},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00503},
      pages        = {211-225},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Journal: Light: Advanced Manufacturing, ISSN: 2689-9620},
      abstract     = {Advanced manufacturing of retinal organoid samples from
                      human induced pluripotent stem cells represents a promising
                      way to study the development of retinal diseases. The retina
                      is an epithelium composed of different cell layers with
                      unique optical properties and detects light by photoreceptor
                      neurons for visual function. There are still many challenges
                      in detecting early and distinct cellular changes in retinal
                      disease. In this paper, we study the capability of the
                      optical transmission matrix, which fully describes the
                      transition of a light field propagating through a scattering
                      sample. Despite its rich information content, the
                      transmission matrix is commonly just used for light delivery
                      through scattering media. Digital holography is employed to
                      measure the complex light-field information of the
                      transmitted light. We demonstrate that singular value
                      decomposition of the transmission matrix allows to
                      discriminate phantom tissues with varying scattering
                      coefficient. We apply these findings to retinal organoid
                      tissues. Application of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide
                      m-chloro-phenylhydrazone (CCCP), a known inducer of retinal
                      damage in animals, caused cell death and structural changes
                      in human retinal organoids, which resulted in distinct
                      changes in the transmission matrix. Our data indicate that
                      the analysis of the transmission matrix can distinguish
                      pathologic changes of the retina towards the development of
                      imaging-based biomarkers.},
      cin          = {AG Karl},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1710004},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.37188/lam.2022.023},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/257788},
}