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000259235 1001_ $$00000-0001-9220-7372$$aZilio, Federico$$b0
000259235 245__ $$aAltered brain dynamics index levels of arousal in complete locked-in syndrome.
000259235 260__ $$aLondon$$bSpringer Nature$$c2023
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000259235 520__ $$aComplete locked-in syndrome (CLIS) resulting from late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by loss of motor function and eye movements. The absence of behavioural indicators of consciousness makes the search for neuronal correlates as possible biomarkers clinically and ethically urgent. EEG-based measures of brain dynamics such as power-law exponent (PLE) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) have been shown to have explanatory power for consciousness and may provide such neuronal indices for patients with CLIS. Here, we validated PLE and LZC (calculated in a dynamic way) as benchmarks of a wide range of arousal states across different reference states of consciousness (e.g., awake, sleep stages, ketamine, sevoflurane). We show a tendency toward high PLE and low LZC, with high intra-subject fluctuations and inter-subject variability in a cohort of CLIS patients with values graded along different arousal states as in our reference data sets. In conclusion, changes in brain dynamics indicate altered arousal in CLIS. Specifically, PLE and LZC are potentially relevant biomarkers to identify or diagnose the arousal level in CLIS and to determine the optimal time point for treatment, including communication attempts.
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000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLocked-In Syndrome
000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aElectroencephalography: methods
000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: physiology
000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aWakefulness
000259235 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBiomarkers
000259235 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aBiomarkers
000259235 7001_ $$aGomez-Pilar, Javier$$b1
000259235 7001_ $$aChaudhary, Ujwal$$b2
000259235 7001_ $$00000-0002-3227-5370$$aFogel, Stuart$$b3
000259235 7001_ $$aFomina, Tatiana$$b4
000259235 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811275$$aSynofzik, Matthis$$b5
000259235 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810795$$aSchöls, Ludger$$b6$$udzne
000259235 7001_ $$aCao, Shumei$$b7
000259235 7001_ $$aZhang, Jun$$b8
000259235 7001_ $$00000-0002-5949-0206$$aHuang, Zirui$$b9
000259235 7001_ $$aBirbaumer, Niels$$b10
000259235 7001_ $$00000-0002-5236-0951$$aNorthoff, Georg$$b11
000259235 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2919698-X$$a10.1038/s42003-023-05109-1$$gVol. 6, no. 1, p. 757$$n1$$p757$$tCommunications biology$$v6$$x2399-3642$$y2023
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