000259705 001__ 259705 000259705 005__ 20240112171924.0 000259705 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s40123-022-00611-x 000259705 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2193-6528 000259705 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a2193-8245 000259705 0247_ $$2pmid$$aPMID:36449262 000259705 0247_ $$2pmc$$aPMC:PMC9834474 000259705 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:139497988 000259705 037__ $$aDZNE-2023-00777 000259705 041__ $$aEnglish 000259705 082__ $$a610 000259705 1001_ $$00000-0003-4923-6404$$aCarelli, Valerio$$b0 000259705 245__ $$aIndirect Comparison of Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy Versus Natural History in Patients with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Carrying the m.11778G>A MT-ND4 Mutation 000259705 260__ $$aHeidelberg$$bSpringerOpen$$c2023 000259705 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000259705 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000259705 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1692958341_28577 000259705 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000259705 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000259705 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000259705 520__ $$aLenadogene nolparvovec is a promising novel gene therapy for patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carrying the m.11778G>A ND4 mutation (MT-ND4). A previous pooled analysis of phase 3 studies showed an improvement in visual acuity of patients injected with lenadogene nolparvovec compared to natural history. Here, we report updated results by incorporating data from the latest phase 3 trial REFLECT in the pool, increasing the number of treated patients from 76 to 174.The visual acuity of 174 MT-ND4-carrying patients with LHON injected in one or both eyes with lenadogene nolparvovec from four pooled phase 3 studies (REVERSE, RESCUE and their long-term extension trial RESTORE; and REFLECT trial) was compared to the spontaneous evolution of an external control group of 208 matched patients from 11 natural history studies.Treated patients showed a clinically relevant and sustained improvement in their visual acuity when compared to natural history. Mean improvement versus natural history was - 0.30 logMAR (+ 15 ETDRS letters equivalent) at last observation (P < 0.01) with a maximal follow-up of 3.9 years after injection. Most treated eyes were on-chart as compared to less than half of natural history eyes at 48 months after vision loss (89.6% versus 48.1%; P < 0.01) and at last observation (76.1% versus 44.4%; P < 0.01). When we adjusted for covariates of interest (gender, age of onset, ethnicity, and duration of follow-up), the estimated mean gain was - 0.43 logMAR (+ 21.5 ETDRS letters equivalent) versus natural history at last observation (P < 0.0001). Treatment effect was consistent across all phase 3 clinical trials. Analyses from REFLECT suggest a larger treatment effect in patients receiving bilateral injection compared to unilateral injection.The efficacy of lenadogene nolparvovec in improving visual acuity in MT-ND4 LHON was confirmed in a large cohort of patients, compared to the spontaneous natural history decline. Bilateral injection of gene therapy may offer added benefits over unilateral injection.NCT02652780 (REVERSE); NCT02652767 (RESCUE); NCT03406104 (RESTORE); NCT03293524 (REFLECT); NCT03295071 (REALITY). 000259705 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353$$a353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)$$cPOF4-353$$fPOF IV$$x0 000259705 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: pub.dzne.de 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aGene therapy 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aLHON 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aLeber hereditary optic neuropathy 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aMT-ND4 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aNatural history 000259705 650_7 $$2Other$$aVisual acuity 000259705 7001_ $$aNewman, Nancy J.$$b1 000259705 7001_ $$aYu-Wai-Man, Patrick$$b2 000259705 7001_ $$aBiousse, Valerie$$b3 000259705 7001_ $$aMoster, Mark L.$$b4 000259705 7001_ $$aSubramanian, Prem S.$$b5 000259705 7001_ $$aVignal-Clermont, Catherine$$b6 000259705 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWang, An-Guor$$b7 000259705 7001_ $$aDonahue, Sean P.$$b8 000259705 7001_ $$aLeroy, Bart P.$$b9 000259705 7001_ $$aSergott, Robert C.$$b10 000259705 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810704$$aKlopstock, Thomas$$b11$$udzne 000259705 7001_ $$aSadun, Alfredo A.$$b12 000259705 7001_ $$aRebolleda Fernández, Gema$$b13 000259705 7001_ $$aChwalisz, Bart K.$$b14 000259705 7001_ $$aBanik, Rudrani$$b15 000259705 7001_ $$aGirmens, Jean François$$b16 000259705 7001_ $$aLa Morgia, Chiara$$b17 000259705 7001_ $$aDeBusk, Adam A.$$b18 000259705 7001_ $$aJurkute, Neringa$$b19 000259705 7001_ $$aPriglinger, Claudia$$b20 000259705 7001_ $$aKaranjia, Rustum$$b21 000259705 7001_ $$aJosse, Constant$$b22 000259705 7001_ $$aSalzmann, Julie$$b23 000259705 7001_ $$aMontestruc, François$$b24 000259705 7001_ $$aRoux, Michel$$b25 000259705 7001_ $$aTaiel, Magali$$b26 000259705 7001_ $$aSahel, José-Alain$$b27 000259705 7001_ $$aCarelli, Valerio$$b28 000259705 7001_ $$aBarboni, Piero$$b29 000259705 7001_ $$aCarbonelli, Michele$$b30 000259705 7001_ $$aDi Vito, Lidia$$b31 000259705 7001_ $$aAmore, 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