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@ARTICLE{Fries:259757,
      author       = {Fries, Franca Laura and Kleiser, Benedict and Schwarz,
                      Patricia and Tieck, Maria P and Laichinger, Kornelia and
                      Mengel, Annerose and Ziemann, Ulf and Kowarik, Markus C},
      title        = {{D}iagnosis of {F}roin's {S}yndrome by {P}arallel
                      {A}nalysis of {V}entriculoperitoneal {S}hunt and {L}umbar
                      {C}erebrospinal {F}luid in a {P}atient with {C}ervical
                      {S}pinal {S}tenosis.},
      journal      = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {15},
      issn         = {2077-0383},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00791},
      pages        = {5012},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can
                      occur in various pathologies and are sometimes difficult to
                      interpret. We report a 62-year-old male patient with
                      subacute neurological deterioration, progressive
                      tetraparesis, and cytoalbumin dissociation in the lumbar
                      CSF. The patient had a pre-existing cervical spinal stenosis
                      with mild tetraparesis. Based on the initial cytoalbumin
                      dissociation (protein 938 mg/dL, 4 leucocytes/µL),
                      Guillain-Barré syndrome was initially considered. For
                      further diagnosis, a CSF sample was taken from a
                      pre-existing ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which showed a
                      normal protein and cell count considering the patient's age
                      (protein 70 mg/dL, 1 leucocyte/µL). In conclusion, we
                      suggest that intermediate aggravation of tetraparesis was
                      due to pneumonia with septic constellation, and the
                      cytoalbumin dissociation was interpreted as Froin's syndrome
                      (FS) due to spinal stenosis. In this unique case, we were
                      able to prove the -often suspected- case of FS by parallel
                      analysis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and lumbar CSF. The
                      triad of xanthochromia, high protein levels, and marked
                      coagulation was first described by Georges Froin and occurs
                      in various processes leading to severe spinal stenosis. The
                      altered composition of lumbar CSF might be due to impaired
                      CSF circulation; however, the exact mechanisms of this
                      phenomenon require further investigation.},
      keywords     = {Froin’s syndrome (Other) / Froin’s syndrome (Other) /
                      Froin’s syndrome (Other) / Froin’s syndrome (Other) /
                      cervical spinal stenosis (Other) / elevated CSF protein
                      (Other) / lumbar puncture (Other) / ventriculoperitoneal
                      shunt (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Gasser},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1210000},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37568414},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10419929},
      doi          = {10.3390/jcm12155012},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/259757},
}