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@ARTICLE{Xylaki:263988,
      author       = {Xylaki, Mary and Chopra, Avika and Weber, Sandrina and
                      Bartl, Michael and Outeiro, Tiago F and Mollenhauer, Brit},
      title        = {{E}xtracellular {V}esicles for the {D}iagnosis of
                      {P}arkinson's {D}isease: {S}ystematic {R}eview and
                      {M}eta-{A}nalysis.},
      journal      = {Movement disorders},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0885-3185},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00922},
      pages        = {1585 - 1597},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are needed by both
                      clinicians and researchers (for diagnosis, identifying study
                      populations, and monitoring therapeutic response). Imaging,
                      genetic, and biochemical biomarkers have been widely
                      studied. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have
                      become a promising material for biomarker development.
                      Proteins and molecular material from any organ, including
                      the central nervous system, can be packed into EVs and
                      transported to the periphery into easily obtainable
                      biological specimens like blood, urine, and saliva. We
                      performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles
                      (published before November 15, 2022) reporting biomarker
                      assessment in EVs in PD patients and healthy controls (HCs).
                      Biomarkers were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis
                      and the calculated standardized mean difference (Std.MD).
                      Several proteins and ribonucleic acids have been identified
                      in EVs in PD patients, but only α-synuclein (aSyn) and
                      leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) were reported in
                      sufficient studies (n = 24 and 6, respectively) to perform a
                      meta-analysis. EV aSyn was significantly increased in
                      neuronal L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM)-positive blood
                      EVs in PD patients compared to HCs (Std.MD = 1.84, $95\%$
                      confidence interval = 0.76-2.93, P = 0.0009). Further
                      analysis of the biological sample and EV isolation method
                      indicated that L1CAM-IP (immunoprecipitation) directly from
                      plasma was the best isolation method for assessing aSyn in
                      PD patients. Upcoming neuroprotective clinical trials
                      immediately need peripheral biomarkers for identifying
                      individuals at risk of developing PD. Overall, the improved
                      sensitivity of assays means they can identify biomarkers in
                      blood that reflect changes in the brain. CNS-derived EVs in
                      blood will likely play a major role in biomarker development
                      in the coming years. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders
                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of
                      International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Humans / Parkinson Disease: metabolism / Neural Cell
                      Adhesion Molecule L1: metabolism / alpha-Synuclein:
                      metabolism / Extracellular Vesicles: metabolism / Biomarkers
                      / Sexually Transmitted Diseases: metabolism / α-synuclein
                      (Other) / α-synuclein (Other) / L1 cell adhesion molecule
                      (Other) / Parkinson's disease (Other) / biomarker (Other) /
                      exosomes (Other) / plasma (Other) / α-synuclein (Other) /
                      Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 (NLM Chemicals) /
                      alpha-Synuclein (NLM Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Fischer},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1410002},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352) / 353 - Clinical and
                      Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37449706},
      doi          = {10.1002/mds.29497},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/263988},
}