TY - CONF AU - Kofler, Florian AU - Wahle, Johannes AU - Ezhov, Ivan AU - Wagner, Sophia J. AU - Al-Maskari, Rami AU - Gryska, Emilia AU - Todorov, Mihail AU - Bukas, Christina AU - Meissen, Felix AU - Peng, Tingying AU - Ertürk, Ali AU - Rueckert, Daniel AU - Heckemann, Rolf AU - Kirschke, Jan AU - Zimmer, Claus AU - Wiestler, Benedikt AU - Menze, Bjoern AU - Piraud, Marie TI - Approaching Peak Ground Truth PB - IEEE M1 - DZNE-2023-00988 SP - 1-6 PY - 2023 AB - Machine learning models are typically evaluated by computing similarity with reference annotations and trained by maximizing similarity with such. Especially in the biomedical domain, annotations are subjective and suffer from low inter-and intra-rater reliability. Since annotations only reflect one interpretation of the real world, this can lead to sub-optimal predictions even though the model achieves high similarity scores. Here, the theoretical concept of Peak Ground Truth (PGT) is introduced. PGT marks the point beyond which an increase in similarity with the reference annotation stops translating to better Real World Model Performance (RWMP). Additionally, a quantitative technique to approximate PGT by computing inter- and intra-rater reliability is proposed. Finally, four categories of PGT-aware strategies to evaluate and improve model performance are reviewed. © 2023 IEEE. T2 - 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) CY - 18 Apr 2023 - 21 Apr 2023, Cartagena (Colombia) Y2 - 18 Apr 2023 - 21 Apr 2023 M2 - Cartagena, Colombia LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)8 ; PUB:(DE-HGF)7 DO - DOI:10.1109/ISBI53787.2023.10230497 UR - https://pub.dzne.de/record/265364 ER -