000265764 001__ 265764 000265764 005__ 20240112171355.0 000265764 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00283-1 000265764 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:37633302 000265764 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC10593199 000265764 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1474-4422 000265764 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1474-4465 000265764 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:153257564 000265764 037__ $$aDZNE-2023-01035 000265764 041__ $$aEnglish 000265764 082__ $$a610 000265764 1001_ $$aRizig, Mie$$b0 000265764 245__ $$aIdentification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson's disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study. 000265764 260__ $$aLondon$$bLancet Publ. Group$$c2023 000265764 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000265764 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000265764 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1700061746_31971 000265764 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000265764 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000265764 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000265764 520__ $$aAn understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is an important step towards development of targeted treatments. Research in African and African admixed populations can enable mapping of complex traits, because of their genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns. We aimed to do a comprehensive genome-wide assessment in African and African admixed individuals to better understand the genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease in these underserved populations.We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in people of African and African admixed ancestry with and without Parkinson's disease. Individuals were included from several cohorts that were available as a part of the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program, the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium Africa, and 23andMe. A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was confirmed clinically by a movement disorder specialist for every individual in each cohort, except for 23andMe, in which it was self-reported based on clinical diagnosis. We characterised ancestry-specific risk, differential haplotype structure and admixture, coding and structural genetic variation, and enzymatic activity.We included 197 918 individuals (1488 cases and 196 430 controls) in our genome-wide analysis. We identified a novel common risk factor for Parkinson's disease (overall meta-analysis odds ratio for risk of Parkinson's disease 1·58 [95% CI 1·37-1·80], p=2·397 × 10-14) and age at onset at the GBA1 locus, rs3115534-G (age at onset β=-2·00 [SE=0·57], p=0·0005, for African ancestry; and β=-4·15 [0·58], p=0·015, for African admixed ancestry), which was rare in non-African or non-African admixed populations. Downstream short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing analyses did not reveal any coding or structural variant underlying the GWAS signal. The identified signal seems to be associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity.Our study identified a novel genetic risk factor in GBA1 in people of African ancestry, which has not been seen in European populations, and it could be a major mechanistic basis of Parkinson's disease in African populations. This population-specific variant exerts substantial risk on Parkinson's disease as compared with common variation identified through GWAS and it was found to be present in 39% of the cases assessed in this study. This finding highlights the importance of understanding ancestry-specific genetic risk in complex diseases, a particularly crucial point as the Parkinson's disease field moves towards targeted treatments in clinical trials. The distinctive genetics of African populations highlights the need for equitable inclusion of ancestrally diverse groups in future trials, which will be a valuable step towards gaining insights into novel genetic determinants underlying the causes of Parkinson's disease. This finding opens new avenues towards RNA-based and other therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing lifetime risk of Parkinson's disease.The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program, which is funded by the Aligning Science Across Parkinson's initiative, and The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. 000265764 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354$$a354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)$$cPOF4-354$$fPOF IV$$x0 000265764 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: pub.dzne.de 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aParkinson Disease: ethnology 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aParkinson Disease: genetics 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGenome-Wide Association Study 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGenetic Loci 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLinkage Disequilibrium 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBlack People: genetics 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGenetic Predisposition to Disease: genetics 000265764 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAfrican People: genetics 000265764 650_7 $$0EC 3.2.1.45$$2NLM Chemicals$$aGBA protein, human 000265764 7001_ $$aBandres-Ciga, Sara$$b1 000265764 7001_ $$aMakarious, Mary B$$b2 000265764 7001_ $$aOjo, Oluwadamilola Omolara$$b3 000265764 7001_ $$aCrea, Peter Wild$$b4 000265764 7001_ $$aAbiodun, Oladunni Victoria$$b5 000265764 7001_ $$aLevine, Kristin S$$b6 000265764 7001_ $$aAbubakar, Sani Atta$$b7 000265764 7001_ $$aAchoru, Charles Obiora$$b8 000265764 7001_ $$aVitale, Dan$$b9 000265764 7001_ $$aAdeniji, Olaleye Akinmola$$b10 000265764 7001_ $$aAgabi, Osigwe Paul$$b11 000265764 7001_ $$aKoretsky, Mathew J$$b12 000265764 7001_ $$aAgulanna, Uchechi$$b13 000265764 7001_ $$aHall, Deborah A$$b14 000265764 7001_ $$aAkinyemi, Rufus Olusola$$b15 000265764 7001_ $$aXie, Tao$$b16 000265764 7001_ $$aAli, Mohammed Wulgo$$b17 000265764 7001_ $$aShamim, Ejaz A$$b18 000265764 7001_ $$aAni-Osheku, Ifeyinwa$$b19 000265764 7001_ $$aPadmanaban, Mahesh$$b20 000265764 7001_ $$aArigbodi, Ohwotemu 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