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@ARTICLE{Nespoli:267348,
      author       = {Nespoli, Ester and Hakani, Marsela and Hein, Tabea Melissa
                      and May, Stephanie Nadine and Danzer, Karin and Wirth,
                      Thomas and Baumann, Bernd and Dimou, Leda},
      title        = {{G}lial cells react to closed head injury in a distinct and
                      spatiotemporally orchestrated manner.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-00112},
      pages        = {2441},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of
                      mortality and disability worldwide. Acute neuroinflammation
                      is a prominent reaction after TBI and is mostly initiated by
                      brain-resident glial cells such as microglia, NG2-glia and
                      astrocytes. The magnitude of this reaction paves the way for
                      long-lasting consequences such as chronic neurological
                      pathologies, for which therapeutic options remain limited.
                      The neuroinflammatory response to TBI is mostly studied with
                      craniotomy-based animal models that are very robust but also
                      rather artificial. Here, we aimed to analyze the reaction of
                      glial cells in a highly translational but variable closed
                      head injury (CHI) model and were able to correlate the
                      severity of the trauma to the degree of glial response.
                      Furthermore, we could show that the different glial cell
                      types react in a temporally and spatially orchestrated
                      manner in terms of morphological changes, proliferation, and
                      cell numbers in the first 15 days after the lesion.
                      Interestingly, NG2-glia, the only proliferating cells in the
                      healthy brain parenchyma, divided at a rate that was
                      correlated with the size of the injury. Our findings
                      describe the previously uncharacterized posttraumatic
                      response of the major brain glial cell types in CHI in order
                      to gain a detailed understanding of the course of
                      neuroinflammatory events; such knowledge may open novel
                      avenues for future therapeutic approaches in TBI.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Neuroglia: metabolism / Brain: metabolism / Brain
                      Injuries, Traumatic: pathology / Astrocytes: metabolism /
                      Microglia: metabolism / Head Injuries, Closed: pathology /
                      Disease Models, Animal},
      cin          = {AG Danzer},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000072},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38286816},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10825139},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-024-52337-4},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/267348},
}