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@ARTICLE{Abdelhak:267914,
      author       = {Abdelhak, Ahmed and Antweiler, Kai and Kowarik, Markus C
                      and Senel, Makbule and Havla, Joachim and Zettl, Uwe K and
                      Kleiter, Ingo and Skripuletz, Thomas and Haarmann, Axel and
                      Stahmann, Alexander and Huss, Andre and Gingele, Stefan and
                      Krumbholz, Markus and Benkert, Pascal and Kuhle, Jens and
                      Friede, Tim and Ludolph, Albert C and Ziemann, Ulf and
                      Kümpfel, Tania and Tumani, Hayrettin},
      title        = {{S}erum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability
                      progression in progressive multiple sclerosis.},
      journal      = {Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2328-9503},
      address      = {Chichester [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-00182},
      pages        = {477 - 485},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Progression prediction is a significant unmet need in
                      people with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS). Studies
                      on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have either been
                      limited to single center with relapsing MS or were based
                      solely on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), which
                      limits its generalizability to state-of-the-art clinical
                      settings and trials applying combined outcome
                      parameters.Serum GFAP and NfL (neurofilament light chain)
                      were investigated in EmBioProMS participants with primary
                      (PP) or secondary progressive MS. Six months confirmed
                      disability progression (CDP) was defined using combined
                      outcome parameters (EDSS, timed-25-foot walk test (T25FW),
                      and nine-hole-peg-test (9HPT)).243 subjects (135 PPMS, 108
                      SPMS, age 55.5, IQR [49.7-61.2], 135 female, median
                      follow-up: 29.3 months [17.9-40.9]) were included. NfL
                      (age-) and GFAP (age- and sex-) adjusted Z scores were
                      higher in pwPMS compared to HC (p < 0.001 for both). 111
                      $(32.8\%)$ CDP events were diagnosed in participants with
                      ≥3 visits (n = 169). GFAP Z score >3 was associated with
                      higher risk for CDP in participants with low NfL Z score
                      (i.e., ≤1.0) (HR: 2.38 [1.12-5.08], p = 0.025). In PPMS,
                      GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP (HR:
                      2.88 [1.21-6.84], p = 0.016). Risk was further increased in
                      PPMS subjects with high GFAP when NfL is low (HR: 4.31
                      [1.53-12.13], p = 0.006).Blood GFAP may help identify pwPPMS
                      at risk of progression. Combination of high GFAP and low NfL
                      levels could distinguish non-active pwPMS with particularly
                      high progression risk.},
      keywords     = {Male / Humans / Female / Middle Aged / Multiple Sclerosis /
                      Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Intermediate Filaments /
                      Biomarkers / Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Multiple
                      Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive: diagnosis / GFAP protein,
                      human (NLM Chemicals) / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {Clinical Study Center Ulm},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000077},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38111972},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10863922},
      doi          = {10.1002/acn3.51969},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/267914},
}