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@ARTICLE{Zirpoli:269866,
      author       = {Zirpoli, Hylde and Bernis, Maria Eugenia and Sabir, Hemmen
                      and Manual Kollareth, Denny Joseph and Hamilton, James A and
                      Huang, Nasi and Ng, Jesse and Sosunov, Sergey A and Gaebler,
                      Ben and Ten, Vadim S and Deckelbaum, Richard J},
      title        = {{O}mega-3 fatty acid diglyceride emulsions as a novel
                      injectable acute therapeutic in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic
                      brain injury.},
      journal      = {Biomedicine $\&$ pharmacotherapy},
      volume       = {175},
      issn         = {0300-0893},
      address      = {Paris [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-00692},
      pages        = {116749},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {ISSN 0753-3322 not unique: **2 hits**.},
      abstract     = {Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), resulting from a
                      lack of blood flow and oxygen before or during newborn
                      delivery, is a leading cause of cerebral palsy and
                      neurological disability in children. Therapeutic hypothermia
                      (TH), the current standard of care in HIE, is only
                      beneficial in 1 of 7-8 cases. Therefore, there is a critical
                      need for more efficient treatments. We have previously
                      reported that omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) carried by
                      triglyceride (TG) lipid emulsions provide neuroprotection
                      after experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal
                      mice. Herein, we propose a novel acute therapeutic approach
                      using an n-3 diglyceride (DG) lipid emulsions. Importantly,
                      n-3 DG preparations had much smaller particle size compared
                      to commercially available or lab-made n-3 TG emulsions. We
                      showed that n-3 DG molecules have the advantage of
                      incorporating at substantially higher levels than n-3 TG
                      into an in vitro model of phospholipid membranes. We also
                      observed that n-3 DG after parenteral administration in
                      neonatal mice reaches the bloodstream more rapidly than n-3
                      TG. Using neonatal HI brain injury models in mice and rats,
                      we found that n-3 DG emulsions provide superior
                      neuroprotection than n-3 TG emulsions or TH in decreasing
                      brain infarct size. Additionally, we found that n-3 DGs
                      attenuate microgliosis and astrogliosis. Thus, n-3 DG
                      emulsions are a superior, promising, and novel therapy for
                      treating HIE.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain: drug therapy / Animals,
                      Newborn / Fatty Acids, Omega-3: administration $\&$ dosage /
                      Fatty Acids, Omega-3: pharmacology / Emulsions / Mice /
                      Neuroprotective Agents: administration $\&$ dosage /
                      Neuroprotective Agents: pharmacology / Rats / Rats,
                      Sprague-Dawley / Mice, Inbred C57BL / Disease Models, Animal
                      / Male / Brain: drug effects / Brain: metabolism / Brain:
                      pathology / diglycerides (Other) / gliosis (Other) /
                      hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (Other) / lipid emulsion
                      (Other) / neuroprotection (Other) / omega-3 fatty acids
                      (Other) / Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (NLM Chemicals) / Emulsions
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Neuroprotective Agents (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Sabir},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000032},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11156760},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38761420},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116749},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/269866},
}