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@ARTICLE{Faquih:270145,
      author       = {Faquih, Tariq O. and Landstra, Elvire N. and van Hylckama
                      Vlieg, Astrid and Aziz, N. Ahmad and Li-Gao, Ruifang and de
                      Mutsert, Renée and Rosendaal, Frits R. and Noordam, Raymond
                      and van Heemst, Diana and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and van
                      Dijk, Ko Willems and Breteler, Monique M. B.},
      title        = {{P}er- and {P}olyfluoroalkyl {S}ubstances {C}oncentrations
                      are {A}ssociated with an {U}nfavorable {C}ardio-{M}etabolic
                      {R}isk {P}rofile: {F}indings from {T}wo {P}opulation-{B}ased
                      {C}ohort {S}tudies},
      journal      = {Exposure and health},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {2451-9766},
      address      = {[Dordrecht]},
      publisher    = {Springer Netherlands},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-00743},
      pages        = {1251 - 1262},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used
                      and persistent chemicals, leading to ubiquitous exposure.
                      Although high PFAS levels have been associated with an
                      adverse cardiovascular risk profile, the distribution of
                      levels and relations with cardio-metabolic risk markers in
                      the general population have not been fully characterized. We
                      assessed the association between blood levels of
                      perfluorooctaneic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
                      (PFOS), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and a range
                      of lipoproteins and metabolites as well as clinical lipid
                      measurements. We used data from participants of the
                      Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study (NEO)
                      (n = 584) and the Rhineland Study (n = 1962),
                      jointly spanning an age range of 30 to 89 years. PFAS were
                      measured with the Metabolon HD4 platform, and lipoprotein
                      and metabolite profiles were measured using Nightingale’s
                      nuclear magnetic resonance-spectroscopy platform, and mainly
                      comprised lipoprotein markers. Using linear regression
                      analyses, we quantified age-, sex-, and education-adjusted
                      associations of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS with clinical lipid
                      measurements and 224 lipoproteins and metabolites. Higher
                      levels of PFAS, particularly PFOS and PFHxS, were associated
                      with higher concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol and
                      phospholipid content in most HDL, IDL, LDL, and VLDL
                      subclasses. The effect sizes were age-dependent for the
                      majority of the associations, with the deleterious effects
                      of PFAS being generally stronger in people below compared to
                      those above median age. Our observation that in the general
                      population even low PFAS concentrations are associated with
                      an unfavorable lipid profile, calls for further critical
                      regulation of PFAS substances.},
      cin          = {AG Breteler / AG Aziz},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012001 / I:(DE-2719)5000071},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)Rhineland Study-20190321},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12403-023-00622-4},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/270145},
}