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@ARTICLE{Hofbauer:272336,
      author       = {Hofbauer, Lena Maria and Lachmannn, Thomas and Rodriguez,
                      Francisca Saveria},
      title        = {{B}ackground music varying in tempo and emotional valence
                      differentially affects cognitive task performance:
                      experimental within-participant comparison},
      journal      = {Journal of cultural cognitive science},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2520-100X},
      address      = {[Singapore]},
      publisher    = {Springer Singapore},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-01155},
      pages        = {139 - 150},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The degree of stimulation provided by background music
                      appears to affect performance on cognitive tasks. Moreover,
                      individual differences influence what degree of stimulation
                      is beneficial or detrimental. In a within-subject design, 40
                      participants (Mean Age: 26.15, SD: 2.99) completed cognitive
                      tasks (immediate and delayed recall, phonemic fluency,
                      trail-making) under varying (2 tempi: fast/slow×2 valences:
                      positive/negative) musical background conditions. Further,
                      they completed questionnaires on individual differences
                      (extraversion, noise sensitivity, annoyance/distraction by
                      background noise). Performance was assessed using analyses
                      of variance and mixed-effect models. Sensitivity analyses
                      adjusted for stimulus liking and further individual
                      characteristics. Fast (vs. slow) tempo was associated with
                      better immediate recall (p =.002, η2 =.08) and phonemic
                      fluency (p <.001, η2 =.16). Positive (vs. negative) valence
                      was also associated with better immediate recall (p <.001,
                      η2 =.10) and phonemic fluency (p <.001, η2 =.10). The
                      association of positive valence with phonemic fluency was
                      attenuated in those with above average Annoyance/Distraction
                      by Background Noise. The latter also had a slower
                      performance in the trail making test under positive
                      background music. The association of fast tempo with verbal
                      fluency was stronger among those scoring high in Noise
                      Sensitivity. Overall, our results suggest that, with regard
                      to concurrent cognitive performance, fast tempo, positively
                      valenced background music is preferable over slow,
                      negatively valenced background music. A deeper understanding
                      of inter-individual differences could allow further
                      individualisation of background music for cognitive task
                      performance.},
      cin          = {AG Rodriguez},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510900},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s41809-024-00144-8},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/272336},
}