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@ARTICLE{Ehrhardt:272504,
      author       = {Ehrhardt, Maren and Schreiber, Stefanie and Duderstadt,
                      Yves and Braun-Dullaeus, Rüdiger and Borucki, Katrin and
                      Brigadski, Tanja and Müller, Notger G and Leßmann, Volkmar
                      and Müller, Patrick},
      title        = {{C}ircadian rhythm of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in
                      serum and plasma.},
      journal      = {Experimental physiology},
      volume       = {109},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {0033-5541},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-01180},
      pages        = {1755 - 1767},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The neurotrophic growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic
                      factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in various
                      neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, such as
                      Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression. BDNF has
                      been proposed as a potential biomarker for diagnosis,
                      prognosis and monitoring therapy. Understanding the factors
                      influencing BDNF levels and whether they follow a circadian
                      rhythm is essential for interpreting fluctuations in BDNF
                      measurements. We aimed to investigate the circadian rhythm
                      of BDNF by collecting multiple peripheral venous blood
                      samples from young, healthy male participants at 12
                      different time points over 24 h. In addition, vital
                      parameters, cortisol and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1)
                      were measured to explore potential regulatory mechanisms,
                      interfering variables and their correlations with BDNF
                      concentration. The findings revealed that plasma BDNF did
                      not exhibit any significant fluctuations over 24 h,
                      suggesting the absence of a circadian rhythm. However, serum
                      BDNF levels decreased during sleep. Furthermore, serum BDNF
                      showed a positive correlation with heart rate but a negative
                      correlation with IGF1. No significant correlation was
                      observed between cortisol and BDNF or IGF1. Although plasma
                      BDNF suggests steady-state conditions, the decline of serum
                      BDNF during the nocturnal period could be attributed to
                      physical inactivity and associated with reduced haemodynamic
                      blood flow (heart rate reduction during sleep). The type of
                      sample collection (peripheral venous cannula vs. blood
                      sampling using a butterfly system) does not significantly
                      affect the measured BDNF levels. The sample collection
                      during the day did not significantly affect BDNF analysis,
                      emphasizing the importance of considering activity levels
                      rather than timing when designing standardized protocols for
                      BDNF assessments.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: blood /
                      Circadian Rhythm: physiology / Hydrocortisone: blood /
                      Insulin-Like Growth Factor I: metabolism / Adult / Young
                      Adult / Heart Rate: physiology / Sleep: physiology /
                      biomarker (Other) / brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
                      (Other) / circadian rhythm (Other) / sleep (Other) /
                      Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Hydrocortisone (NLM Chemicals) / Insulin-Like Growth Factor
                      I (NLM Chemicals) / BDNF protein, human (NLM Chemicals) /
                      IGF1 protein, human (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Müller / AG Schreiber},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310003 / I:(DE-2719)1310010},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11442779},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39105714},
      doi          = {10.1113/EP091671},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/272504},
}