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@ARTICLE{AtemnkengNtam:272598,
      author       = {Atemnkeng Ntam, Veronica and Huebner, Tatjana and Steffens,
                      Michael and Roethlein, Christoph and Haenisch, Britta and
                      Stingl, Julia and Linder, Roland and Scholl, Catharina},
      title        = {{T}he influence of age, gender and pharmacogenetic profiles
                      on the perspective on medicines in the {G}erman {EMPAR}
                      study},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2024-01219},
      pages        = {e0311267},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Trial registration: EMPAR was registered in the German
                      Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 06 July 2018
                      (DRKS00013909).},
      abstract     = {Pharmacogenetic testing in routine care could provide
                      benefits for patients, doctors and statutory health
                      insurances. Therefore, the aim of the retrospective,
                      observational study Einfluss metabolischer Profile auf die
                      Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit in der Routineversorgung
                      (EMPAR) was to analyze the relationship between
                      pharmacogenetic profiles, the risk of adverse drug
                      reactions, and patients' perceptions of drug therapy in
                      10748 adult (≥18 years) participants in Germany.A
                      questionnaire was used to assess views and beliefs about
                      medicines and participants individual perception of
                      sensitivity to drug therapies. The questionnaire consisted
                      of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)-General
                      scales (Overuse, Harm, Benefit), the Perceived Sensitivity
                      to Medicines (PSM), Natural Remedy, and Gene Testing scales.
                      The influence of gender, age, study collective, genotype and
                      phenotype of relevant pharmacogenes on participant's
                      perception were evaluated.Overuse, PSM and Benefit scores
                      were significantly higher among patients of the collective
                      International Classification of Diseases and Health Related
                      Disorders (ICD)-10 Y57.9! diagnosis, which indicates
                      complications related to drugs, compared to the
                      anticoagulant/antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering drug
                      collective. Age and gender also played a significant role in
                      patients' perceptions, with younger patients and female
                      participants more likely to believe in medication overuse
                      according to the Overuse scale score compared to older and
                      male participants. Female participants compared to male
                      participants and the old age group compared to the young
                      and/or middle-age subgroup, scored higher in PSM and/or Harm
                      scales, respectively. Only a tendency of increased Harm,
                      Overuse and PSM scores was observed in the participant group
                      with five or more relevant actionable variants compared to
                      subgroups with 0 up to 4 variants.In conclusion, patients'
                      beliefs about medicines and their drug sensitivity
                      perceptions are influenced by various factors including age,
                      gender, previous complications with medicines, and with some
                      tendency also pharmacogenetic profiles. The higher
                      association with more negative views related to treatment
                      indicates that there is a need to target the underlying
                      issues in affected patient groups in order to improve
                      compliance to treatment and outcomes in routine care. Trial
                      registration: EMPAR was registered in the German Clinical
                      Trials Register (DRKS) on 06 July 2018 (DRKS00013909).},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Female / Germany / Middle Aged / Adult /
                      Aged / Sex Factors / Surveys and Questionnaires / Age
                      Factors / Pharmacogenetics / Drug-Related Side Effects and
                      Adverse Reactions / Retrospective Studies / Young Adult /
                      Adolescent / Aged, 80 and over},
      cin          = {AG Hänisch},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013010},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39388460},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11466409},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0311267},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/272598},
}