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000272818 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9002575$$aLudwig, Mareike$$b0$$eFirst author$$udzne
000272818 245__ $$aEvaluating phasic transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) with pupil dilation: the importance of stimulation intensity and sensory perception.
000272818 260__ $$a[London]$$bMacmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature$$c2024
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000272818 520__ $$aThe efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a non-invasive method to modulate physiological markers of noradrenergic activity of the Locus Coeruleus (LC), such as pupil dilation, is increasingly more discussed. However, taVNS studies show high heterogeneity of stimulation effects. Therefore, a taVNS setup was established here to test different frequencies (10 Hz and 25 Hz) and intensities (3 mA and 5 mA) during phasic stimulation (3 s) with time-synchronous recording of pupil dilation in younger adults. Specifically, phasic real taVNS and higher intensity led to increased pupil dilation, which is consistent with phasic invasive VNS studies in animals. The results also suggest that the influence of intensity on pupil dilation may be stronger than that of frequency. However, there was an attenuation of taVNS-induced pupil dilation when differences in perception of sensations were considered. Specifically, pupil dilation during phasic stimulation increased with perceived stimulation intensity. The extent to which the effect of taVNS induces pupil dilation and the involvement of sensory perception in the stimulation process are discussed here and require more extensive research. Additionally, it is crucial to strive for comparable stimulation sensations during systematic parameter testing in order to investigate possible effects of phasic taVNS on pupil dilation in more detail.
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000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVagus Nerve Stimulation: methods
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPupil: physiology
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdult
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFemale
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aTranscutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation: methods
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aYoung Adult
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVagus Nerve: physiology
000272818 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLocus Coeruleus: physiology
000272818 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001579$$aPereira, Calida$$b1$$udzne
000272818 7001_ $$aKeute, Marius$$b2
000272818 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2000005$$aDüzel, Emrah$$b3$$udzne
000272818 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2810555$$aBetts, Matthew J$$b4$$udzne
000272818 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811927$$aHämmerer, Dorothea$$b5$$eLast author$$udzne
000272818 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2615211-3$$a10.1038/s41598-024-72179-4$$gVol. 14, no. 1, p. 24391$$n1$$p24391$$tScientific reports$$v14$$x2045-2322$$y2024
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