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@ARTICLE{Xu:274021,
      author       = {Xu, Peng and Estrada Leon, Edgar Santiago and Etteldorf,
                      Rika and Liu, Dan and Shahid, Mohammad and Zeng, Weiyi and
                      Früh, Deborah and Reuter, Martin and Breteler, Monique and
                      Aziz, N. Ahmad},
      title        = {{H}ypothalamic volume is associated with age, sex and
                      cognitive function across lifespan: a comparative analysis
                      of two large population-based cohort studies.},
      journal      = {EBioMedicine},
      volume       = {111},
      issn         = {2352-3964},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00003},
      pages        = {105513},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Emerging findings indicate that the hypothalamus, the
                      body's principal homeostatic centre, plays a crucial role in
                      modulating cognition, but comprehensive population-based
                      studies are lacking.We used cross-sectional data from the
                      Rhineland Study (N = 5812, 55.2 ± 13.6 years, $58\%$ women)
                      and the UK Biobank Imaging Study (UKB) (N = 45,076, 64.2 ±
                      7.7 years, $53\%$ women), two large-scale population-based
                      cohort studies. Volumes of hypothalamic structures were
                      obtained from 3T structural magnetic resonance images
                      through an automatic parcellation procedure
                      (FastSurfer-HypVINN). The standardised cognitive domain
                      scores were derived from extensive neuropsychological test
                      batteries. We employed multivariable linear regression to
                      assess associations of hypothalamic volumes with age, sex
                      and cognitive performance.In older individuals, volumes of
                      total, anterior and posterior hypothalamus, and mammillary
                      bodies were smaller, while those of medial hypothalamus and
                      tuberal region were larger. Larger medial hypothalamus
                      volume was related to higher cortisol levels in older
                      individuals, providing functional validation. Volumes of all
                      hypothalamic structures were larger in men compared to
                      women. In both sexes, larger volumes of total, anterior and
                      posterior hypothalamus, and mammillary bodies were
                      associated with better domain-specific cognitive
                      performance, whereas larger volumes of medial hypothalamus
                      and tuberal region were associated with worse
                      domain-specific cognitive performance.We found strong age
                      and sex effects on hypothalamic structures, as well as
                      robust associations between these structures and
                      domain-specific cognitive functions. Overall, these findings
                      thus implicate specific hypothalamic subregions as potential
                      therapeutic targets against age-associated cognitive
                      decline.Institutional funds, Federal Ministry of Education
                      and Research of Germany, Alzheimer's Association.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Female / Male / Middle Aged / Cognition:
                      physiology / Hypothalamus / Aged / Magnetic Resonance
                      Imaging / Adult / Cohort Studies / Organ Size / Longevity /
                      Sex Factors / Age Factors / Neuropsychological Tests /
                      Cross-Sectional Studies / Aging: physiology / Age-associated
                      cognitive decline (Other) / Brain imaging (Other) /
                      Cognitive function (Other) / Cortisol (Other) / Hypothalamus
                      (Other) / Sexual dimorphism (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Aziz / AG Breteler / AG Reuter},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000071 / I:(DE-2719)1012001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1040310},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)Rhineland Study-20190321},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11732039},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39708426},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105513},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/274021},
}