% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Liu:274046,
      author       = {Liu, Qi and Rubarth, Kerstin and Faber, Jennifer and
                      Sulzer, Patricia and Dogan, Imis and Barkhoff, Miriam and
                      Minnerop, Martina and Berlijn, Adam M and Elben, Saskia and
                      Jacobi, Heike and Aktories, Julia-Elisabeth and Huvermann,
                      Dana M and Erdlenbruch, Friedrich and Van der Veen, Raquel
                      and Müller, Johanna and Nio, Enzo and Frank, Benedikt and
                      Köhrmann, Martin and Wondzinski, Elke and Siebler, Mario
                      and Reetz, Kathrin and Konczak, Jürgen and Konietschke,
                      Frank and Klockgether, Thomas and Synofzik, Matthis and
                      Röske, Sandra and Timmann, Dagmar and Thieme, Andreas},
      title        = {{S}ubtypes of cognitive impairment in cerebellar disease
                      identified by cross-diagnostic cluster-analysis: results
                      from a {G}erman multicenter study.},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {272},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0367-004X},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00027},
      pages        = {83},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment, known as
                      cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), may be
                      present in cerebellar disorders. This study identified
                      distinct CCAS subtypes in cerebellar patients using cluster
                      analysis.The German CCAS-Scale (G-CCAS-S), a brief screening
                      test for CCAS, was assessed in 205 cerebellar patients and
                      200 healthy controls. K-means cluster analysis was applied
                      to G-CCAS-S data to identify cognitive clusters in patients.
                      Demographic and clinical variables were used to characterize
                      the clusters. Multiple linear regression quantified their
                      relative contribution to cognitive performance. The ability
                      of the G-CCAS-S to correctly distinguish between patients
                      and controls was compared across the clusters.Two clusters
                      explained the variance of cognitive performance in patients'
                      best. Cluster 1 $(30\%)$ exhibited severe impairment.
                      Cluster 2 $(70\%)$ displayed milder dysfunction and
                      overlapped substantially with that of healthy controls.
                      Cluster 1 patients were on average older, less educated,
                      showed more severe ataxia and more extracerebellar
                      involvement than cluster 2 patients. The cluster assignment
                      predicted cognitive performance even after adjusting for all
                      other covariates. The G-CCAS-S demonstrated good
                      discriminative ability for cluster 1, but not for cluster
                      2.The variance of cognitive impairment in cerebellar
                      disorders is best explained by one severely affected and one
                      mildly affected cluster. Cognitive performance is not only
                      predicted by demographic/clinical characteristics, but also
                      by cluster assignment itself. This indicates that factors
                      that have not been captured in this study likely have
                      effects on cognitive cerebellar functions. Moreover, the
                      CCAS-S appears to have a relative weakness in identifying
                      patients with only mild cognitive deficits.The study has
                      prospectively been registered at the German Clinical Study
                      Register ( https://www.drks.de ; DRKS-ID: DRKS00016854).},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Female / Cognitive Dysfunction: diagnosis /
                      Cognitive Dysfunction: etiology / Cognitive Dysfunction:
                      physiopathology / Middle Aged / Germany: epidemiology /
                      Cluster Analysis / Cerebellar Diseases: complications /
                      Cerebellar Diseases: diagnosis / Cerebellar Diseases:
                      physiopathology / Aged / Adult / Neuropsychological Tests /
                      Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) (Other) /
                      Cerebellar disorders (Other) / Cluster analysis (Other) /
                      German CCAS-Scale (Other) / Subgroups of CCAS (Other)},
      cin          = {Clinical Research (Bonn) / AG Gasser / AG Wagner / Patient
                      Studies (Bonn)},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011001 / I:(DE-2719)1210000 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011201 / I:(DE-2719)1011101},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39708269},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11663179},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-024-12831-1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/274046},
}