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@ARTICLE{Yi:274069,
      author       = {Yi, Yeo-Jin and Kreißl, Michael C and Speck, Oliver and
                      Düzel, Emrah and Hämmerer, Dorothea},
      title        = {{D}ecoding {S}alience: {A} {F}unctional {M}agnetic
                      {R}esonance {I}maging {I}nvestigation of {R}eward and
                      {C}ontextual {U}nexpectedness in {M}emory {E}ncoding and
                      {R}etrieval.},
      journal      = {Human brain mapping},
      volume       = {46},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1065-9471},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00050},
      pages        = {e70124},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The present study investigated the neuromodulatory
                      substrates of salience processing and its impact on memory
                      encoding and behaviour, with a specific focus on two
                      distinct types of salience: reward and contextual
                      unexpectedness. 46 Participants performed a novel task
                      paradigm modulating these two aspects independently and
                      allowing for investigating their distinct and interactive
                      effects on memory encoding while undergoing high-resolution
                      fMRI. By using advanced image processing techniques tailored
                      to examine midbrain and brainstem nuclei with high
                      precision, our study additionally aimed to elucidate
                      differential activation patterns in subcortical nuclei in
                      response to reward-associated and contextually unexpected
                      stimuli, including distinct pathways involving in particular
                      dopaminergic modulation. We observed a differential
                      involvement of the ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN)
                      and caudate nucleus, as well as a functional specialisation
                      within the subregions of the cingulate cortex for the two
                      salience types. Moreover, distinct subregions within the SN
                      in processing salience could be identified. Dorsal areas
                      preferentially processed salience related to stimulus
                      processing (of both reward and contextual unexpectedness),
                      and ventral areas were involved in salience-related memory
                      encoding (for contextual unexpectedness only). These
                      functional specialisations within SN are in line with
                      different projection patterns of dorsal and ventral SN to
                      brain areas supporting attention and memory, respectively.
                      By disentangling stimulus processing and memory encoding
                      related to two salience types, we hope to further
                      consolidate our understanding of neuromodulatory structures'
                      differential as well as interactive roles in modulating
                      behavioural responses to salient events.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Reward / Male /
                      Female / Adult / Young Adult / Brain Mapping / Brain:
                      physiology / Brain: diagnostic imaging / Mental Recall:
                      physiology / Memory: physiology / Image Processing,
                      Computer-Assisted / cognition (Other) / contextual
                      unexpectedness (Other) / fMRI (Other) / memory (Other) /
                      midbrain (Other) / reward (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Düzel / Core MR PET / AG Speck},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000006 / I:(DE-2719)1340016 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1340009},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) / 899 -
                      ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39764707},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11705450},
      doi          = {10.1002/hbm.70124},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/274069},
}