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@ARTICLE{Vogt:275851,
      author       = {Vogt, Arend and Paulat, Raik and Parthier, Daniel and Just,
                      Verena and Szczepek, Michal and Scheerer, Patrick and Xu,
                      Qianzhao and Möglich, Andreas and Schmitz, Dietmar and
                      Rost, Benjamin R and Wenger, Nikolaus},
      title        = {{S}imultaneous spectral illumination of microplates for
                      high-throughput optogenetics and photobiology.},
      journal      = {(0018-4888)},
      volume       = {405},
      number       = {11-12},
      issn         = {0018-4888},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00086},
      pages        = {751 - 763},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {ISSN: 1437-4315, Journal: Biological Chemistry},
      abstract     = {The biophysical characterization and engineering of
                      optogenetic tools and photobiological systems has been
                      hampered by the lack of efficient methods for spectral
                      illumination of microplates for high-throughput analysis of
                      action spectra. Current methods to determine action spectra
                      only allow the sequential spectral illumination of
                      individual wells. Here we present the open-source
                      RainbowCap-system, which combines LEDs and optical filters
                      in a standard 96-well microplate format for simultaneous and
                      spectrally defined illumination. The RainbowCap provides
                      equal photon flux for each wavelength, with the output of
                      the LEDs narrowed by optical bandpass filters. We validated
                      the RainbowCap for photoactivatable G protein-coupled
                      receptors (opto-GPCRs) and enzymes for the control of
                      intracellular downstream signaling. The simultaneous,
                      spectrally defined illumination provides minimal
                      interruption during time-series measurements, while
                      resolving 10 nm differences in the action spectra of
                      optogenetic proteins under identical experimental
                      conditions. The RainbowCap is also suitable for studying the
                      spectral dependence of light-regulated gene expression in
                      bacteria, which requires illumination over several hours. In
                      summary, the RainbowCap provides high-throughput spectral
                      illumination of microplates, while its modular, customizable
                      design allows easy adaptation to a wide range of optogenetic
                      and photobiological applications.},
      keywords     = {Optogenetics: methods / Optogenetics: instrumentation /
                      Photobiology / Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled: metabolism /
                      Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled: genetics / High-Throughput
                      Screening Assays / Light / Humans / GPCR (Other) / action
                      spectra (Other) / cyclic mononucleotides (Other) /
                      photoactivated nucleotidyl cyclases (Other) / rhodopsin
                      (Other) / signal transduction (Other) / Receptors,
                      G-Protein-Coupled (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Schmitz},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1810004},
      pnm          = {351 - Brain Function (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39303162},
      doi          = {10.1515/hsz-2023-0205},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/275851},
}