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@ARTICLE{Ramadan:275863,
      author       = {Ramadan, Dana and Mueller, Sebastian and Stirnberg,
                      Rüdiger and Bosch, Dario and Ehses, Philipp and Scheffler,
                      Klaus and Bause, Jonas},
      title        = {{M}acrovascular contributions to resting-state f{MRI}
                      signals: {A} comparison between {EPI} and b{SSFP} at 9.4
                      {T}esla},
      journal      = {Imaging neuroscience},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {2837-6056},
      address      = {Cambridge, MA},
      publisher    = {MIT Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00098},
      pages        = {$imag_a_00435$},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The draining-vein bias of T2*-weighted sequences, like
                      gradient echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI), can limit the
                      spatial specificity of functional MRI (fMRI). The underlying
                      extravascular signal changes increase with field strength
                      (B0) and the perpendicularity of draining veins to the main
                      axis of B0, and are, therefore, particularly problematic at
                      ultra-high field (UHF). In contrast, simulations showed that
                      T2-weighted sequences are less affected by the draining-vein
                      bias, depending on the amount of rephasing of extravascular
                      signal. As large pial veins on the cortical surface follow
                      the cortical folding tightly, their orientation can be
                      approximated by the cortical orientation to B 0 → . In our
                      work, we compare the influence of the cortical orientation
                      to B 0 → on the resting-state fMRI signal of three
                      sequences aiming to understand their macrovascular
                      contribution. While 2D GRE-EPI and 3D GRE-EPI (both
                      T2*-weighted) showed a high dependence on the cortical
                      orientation to B 0 → , especially on the cortical surface,
                      this was not the case for 3D balanced steady-state free
                      precession (bSSFP) (T2/T1-weighted). Here, a slight increase
                      of orientation dependence was shown in depths closest to
                      white matter (WM). And while orientation dependence
                      decreased with increased distance to the veins for both EPI
                      sequences, no change in orientation dependence was observed
                      in bSSFP. This indicates the low macrovascular contribution
                      to the bSSFP signal, making it a promising sequence for
                      layer fMRI at UHF.},
      cin          = {AG Stöcker / AG Reuter},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013026 / I:(DE-2719)1040310},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40800877},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12320002},
      doi          = {10.1162/imag_a_00435},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/275863},
}