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@ARTICLE{MolinaGarca:275865,
      author       = {Molina-García, Cristina and Banwell, George and
                      Álvarez-Salvago, Francisco and Reinoso-Cobo, Andrés and
                      Pujol-Fuentes, Clara and Medina Luque, Jose and
                      Ramos-Petersen, Laura},
      title        = {{E}fficacy of {F}unctional {R}e-{E}ducation as a
                      {T}reatment for {I}nfantile {F}lexible {F}latfoot:
                      {S}ystematic {R}eview},
      journal      = {Children},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2227-9067},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00100},
      pages        = {8},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Background: Flexible pediatric flatfoot is an anatomical
                      presentation of the foot that is common in children, and its
                      functional impact raises long-term uncertainty. Functional
                      re-education includes strengthening and stretching exercises
                      for the intrinsic and extrinsic musculature of the foot,
                      proposed as an effective conservative treatment. However, to
                      date, there is no systematic review examining its
                      effectiveness in the pediatric population. This systematic
                      review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of functional
                      re-education as a conservative treatment for flexible
                      pediatric flatfoot, determining which exercises are most
                      effective. Methods: A search (PROSPERO: CRD42023391030) was
                      conducted across six databases, resulting in an initial
                      total of 327 studies. Of these, 11 randomized controlled
                      trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a
                      sample of 419 children aged 6 to 14 years with a diagnosis
                      of flexible flatfoot. The evaluated studies present
                      variations in diagnostic criteria, types of exercises, and
                      treatment duration. Results: The results indicate that
                      functional re-education is effective in improving the
                      symptomatology and functionality of the foot in children. In
                      particular, exercises targeting the intrinsic musculature
                      proved to be among the most effective treatments, improving
                      the structural development of the medial longitudinal arch.
                      The reviewed literature recommends a minimum treatment
                      duration of eight weeks. Conclusions: Functional
                      re-education represents an effective conservative treatment
                      option for flexible flatfoot in children, positioning it as
                      the treatment of choice for this condition.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      cin          = {AG Herms},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1110001},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39857838},
      doi          = {10.3390/children12010008},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/275865},
}