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@ARTICLE{Ludwig:275934,
      author       = {Ludwig, Mareike and Betts, Matthew J and Hämmerer,
                      Dorothea},
      title        = {{S}timulate to {R}emember? {T}he {E}ffects of {S}hort
                      {B}urst of {T}ranscutaneous {V}agus {N}erve {S}timulation
                      (ta{VNS}) on {M}emory {P}erformance and {P}upil {D}ilation.},
      journal      = {Psychophysiology},
      volume       = {62},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0048-5772},
      address      = {Malden, Mass. [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00156},
      pages        = {e14753},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The decline in noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus (LC)
                      function in aging is thought to be implicated in episodic
                      memory decline. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve
                      stimulation (taVNS), which supports LC function, might serve
                      to preserve or improve memory function in aging. However,
                      taVNS effects are generally very heterogeneous, and it is
                      currently unclear whether taVNS has an effect on memory. In
                      this study, an emotional memory task with negative events
                      involving the LC-NE system was combined with the short burst
                      of event-related taVNS (3 s) in younger adults (N = 24). The
                      aim was to investigate taVNS-induced changes in pupil
                      dilation during encoding and possible taVNS-induced
                      improvements in (emotional) memory performance for early and
                      delayed (24 h) recognition. Negative events were associated
                      with increased pupil dilation and better memory performance.
                      Additionally, real as compared to sham or no stimulation
                      selectively increased memory for negative events. Short
                      bursts of stimulation, whether real or sham, led to an
                      increase in pupil dilation and an improvement in memory
                      performance over time, likely due to the attention-inducing
                      sensory modulation of electrical stimulation.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Vagus Nerve Stimulation / Female / Pupil:
                      physiology / Young Adult / Adult / Transcutaneous Electric
                      Nerve Stimulation / Emotions: physiology / Recognition,
                      Psychology: physiology / Memory, Episodic / Memory:
                      physiology / Locus Coeruleus: physiology},
      cin          = {AG Düzel / AG Müller},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000006 / I:(DE-2719)1310003},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC11736245},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39815765},
      doi          = {10.1111/psyp.14753},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/275934},
}