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@ARTICLE{Helbing:276146,
      author       = {Helbing, Cornelia and Brocka, Marta and Arboit, Alberto and
                      Lippert, Michael T. and Angenstein, Frank},
      title        = {{C}hemogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons reduces
                      stimulus-induced dopamine release, thereby altering the
                      hemodynamic response function in the prefrontal cortex},
      journal      = {Imaging neuroscience},
      volume       = {2},
      issn         = {2837-6056},
      address      = {Cambridge, MA},
      publisher    = {MIT Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00218},
      pages        = {1 - 16},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {To investigate the effect of endogenously released dopamine
                      on the stimulus-induced blood oxygen level–dependent
                      (BOLD) responses, we used rats expressing inhibitory
                      designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs
                      (DREADDs) in neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and
                      electrically stimulated the fimbria/fornix. This stimulation
                      activates multiple components of the mesolimbic dopamine
                      system, as demonstrated by the BOLD signal changes during
                      functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dopamine
                      release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as detected by in
                      vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Activation of inhibitory
                      DREADDs by clozapine N-oxide (CNO) significantly reduced
                      stimulus-induced dopamine release and the BOLD response in
                      the NAcc. In contrast, the concurrently induced BOLD
                      response in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was not
                      significantly reduced after CNO administration, but the
                      hemodynamic response was shifted to the left. Specifically,
                      the Granger causality test showed that the temporal
                      relationship between the BOLD signal changes in the
                      hippocampus and the mPFC, changed. Under control conditions
                      (i.e., in the absence of CNO), the BOLD signal changes in
                      the mPFC and NAcc clearly preceded the BOLD signal changes
                      in the right hippocampus, whereas in the presence of CNO
                      this was only the case for the BOLD signal changes in the
                      NAcc. In the control rats, that is, the rats that received a
                      control virus and thus did not express DREADDs in the VTA,
                      this CNO-mediated effect was not present. Our results
                      indicate that activation of the endogenous dopaminergic
                      system has region-specific effects on the stimulus-induced
                      BOLD responses, so there is no generally applicable fMRI
                      parameter that clearly indicates increased activity of the
                      dopaminergic system.},
      cin          = {AG Angenstein},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310004},
      pnm          = {351 - Brain Function (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1162/imag_a_00200},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/276146},
}