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@ARTICLE{Drner:276183,
      author       = {Dörner, Marc and Pfister, Malte and Tyndall, Anthony and
                      von Känel, Roland and Neumann, Katja and Schreiber, Frank
                      and Arndt, Philipp and Fuchs, Erelle and Garz, Cornelia and
                      Glanz, Wenzel and Butryn, Michaela and John, Anna-Charlotte
                      and Hildebrand, Annkatrin and Euler, Sebastian and Hofmann,
                      Andreas B and Machetanz, Lena and Kirchebner, Johannes and
                      Tacik, Pawel and Grimm, Alexander and Jansen, Robin and
                      Pawlitzki, Marc and Henneicke, Solveig and Perosa, Valentina
                      and Labeit, Bendix and Düzel, Emrah and Meuth, Sven G and
                      Vielhaber, Stefan and Mattern, Hendrik and Bernal, Jose and
                      Schreiber, Stefanie},
      title        = {{A}ssociations of inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities
                      on brain {MRI} with cerebral small vessel disease, cognitive
                      function, and depression symptoms.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00251},
      pages        = {2999},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities (IFSH) observed on
                      fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI have been
                      proposed as indicators of elevated cerebrospinal fluid waste
                      accumulation in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).
                      However, to validate IFSH as a reliable imaging biomarker,
                      further replication studies are required. The objective of
                      this study was to investigate associations between IFSH and
                      CSVD, and their potential repercussions, i.e., cognitive
                      impairment and depression. We prospectively recruited 47
                      patients with CSVD and 29 cognitively normal controls (NC).
                      IFSH were rated visually based on FLAIR MRI. Using different
                      regression models, we explored the relationship between
                      IFSH, group status (CSVD vs. NC), CSVD severity assessed
                      with MRI, cognitive function, and symptoms of depression.
                      Patients with CSVD were more likely to have higher IFSH
                      scores compared to NC (OR 5.64, $95\%$ CI 1.91-16.60), and
                      greater CSVD severity on MRI predicted more severe IFSH (OR
                      1.47, $95\%$ CI 1.14-1.88). Higher IFSH scores were
                      associated with lower cognitive function (-0.96, $95\%$ CI
                      -1.81 to -0.10), and higher levels of depression (0.33,
                      $95\%$ CI 0.01-0.65). CSVD and IFSH may be tightly linked to
                      each other, and the accumulation of waste products,
                      indicated by IFSH, could have detrimental effects on
                      cognitive function and symptoms of depression.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases: diagnostic imaging
                      / Female / Male / Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods / Aged
                      / Depression: diagnostic imaging / Cognition: physiology /
                      Middle Aged / Cognitive Dysfunction: diagnostic imaging /
                      Prospective Studies / Frontal Lobe: diagnostic imaging /
                      Frontal Lobe: pathology / Brain: diagnostic imaging / Brain:
                      pathology / Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (Other) / Cerebral
                      small vessel disease (Other) / Fluid-attenuated inversion
                      recovery (Other) / Glymphatic system (Other) / Hypertensive
                      arteriopathy (Other) / Inferior frontal sulcal
                      hyperintensity (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Schreiber / AG Düzel / AG Spottke},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310010 / I:(DE-2719)5000006 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011103},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:39849098},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-025-87493-8},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/276183},
}