000276805 001__ 276805 000276805 005__ 20250323000852.0 000276805 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s13195-025-01680-3 000276805 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:39972463 000276805 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:175173299 000276805 037__ $$aDZNE-2025-00330 000276805 041__ $$aEnglish 000276805 082__ $$a610 000276805 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9000969$$aTrambauer, Johannes$$b0$$eFirst author$$udzne 000276805 245__ $$aγ-Secretase modulator resistance of an aggressive Alzheimer-causing presenilin mutant can be overcome in the heterozygous patient state by a set of advanced compounds. 000276805 260__ $$aLondon$$bBioMed Central$$c2025 000276805 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000276805 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000276805 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1741615152_15545 000276805 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000276805 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000276805 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000276805 520__ $$aAmyloid-β peptide (Aβ) species of 42 or 43 amino acids in length (Aβ42/43) trigger Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and are produced in abnormal amounts by mutants of the γ-secretase subunit presenilin-1 (PS1), which represent the primary cause of familial AD (FAD). Lowering these peptides by γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) is increasingly considered a safe strategy to treat AD since these compounds do not affect the overall cleavage of γ-secretase substrates. GSMs were shown to modulate not only wild-type (WT) γ-secretase but also FAD mutants, expanding their potential use also to the familial form of the disease. Unlike most other FAD mutants, the very aggressive PS1 L166P mutant is largely resistant to GSMs. However, these data were mostly obtained from overexpression models, which mimic more the less relevant homozygous state rather than the heterozygous patient situation.Mouse embryonic fibroblast and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal PS1 L166P knock-in (KI) cell models were treated with various GSMs and Aβ responses were assessed by immunoassays and/or gel-based analysis.We identified GSMs that lower Aβ42 and/or Aβ43 when PS1 L166P is heterozygous, as it is the case in affected patients, and could reduce the amount of pathogenic Aβ species towards WT levels. RO7019009 was the most potent of these compounds, reducing both pathogenic species and concomitantly increasing the short Aβ37 and Aβ38, of which the latter has been associated with delayed AD progression. Another effective compound, the structurally novel indole-type GSM RO5254601 specifically acts on the Aβ42 product line leading to a selective increase of the beneficial Aβ38. Interestingly, we further found that this class of GSMs can bind not only one, but both presenilin fragments suggesting that it targets γ-secretase at an unusual binding site.Our data show that even highly refractory presenilin FAD mutants are in principle tractable with GSMs extending the possibilities for potential clinical studies in FAD with suitable GSM molecules. 000276805 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352$$a352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)$$cPOF4-352$$fPOF IV$$x0 000276805 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351$$a351 - Brain Function (POF4-351)$$cPOF4-351$$fPOF IV$$x1 000276805 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: pub.dzne.de 000276805 650_7 $$2Other$$aAlzheimer’s disease 000276805 650_7 $$2Other$$aAβ 000276805 650_7 $$2Other$$aFamilial Alzheimer’s disease 000276805 650_7 $$2Other$$aPresenilin 000276805 650_7 $$2Other$$aγ-Secretase modulator 000276805 650_7 $$0EC 3.4.-$$2NLM Chemicals$$aAmyloid Precursor Protein Secretases 000276805 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aPresenilin-1 000276805 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aAmyloid beta-Peptides 000276805 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aPeptide Fragments 000276805 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aPSEN1 protein, human 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAmyloid Precursor Protein Secretases: metabolism 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAmyloid Precursor Protein Secretases: genetics 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAlzheimer Disease: genetics 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAlzheimer Disease: drug therapy 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAlzheimer Disease: metabolism 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPresenilin-1: genetics 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMutation 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAmyloid beta-Peptides: metabolism 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAmyloid beta-Peptides: genetics 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMice 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHeterozygote 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPeptide Fragments: metabolism 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPeptide Fragments: genetics 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells: drug effects 000276805 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells: metabolism 000276805 7001_ $$aSarmiento, Rosa Maria Rodriguez$$b1 000276805 7001_ $$aGarringer, Holly J$$b2 000276805 7001_ $$aSalbaum, Katja$$b3 000276805 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2812527$$aPedro, Liliana Domingues$$b4 000276805 7001_ $$aCrusius, Dennis$$b5 000276805 7001_ $$aVidal, Ruben$$b6 000276805 7001_ $$aGhetti, Bernardino$$b7 000276805 7001_ $$aPaquet, Dominik$$b8 000276805 7001_ $$aBaumann, Karlheinz$$b9 000276805 7001_ $$aLindemann, Lothar$$b10 000276805 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2000023$$aSteiner, Harald$$b11$$eLast author$$udzne 000276805 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2506521-X$$a10.1186/s13195-025-01680-3$$gVol. 17, no. 1, p. 49$$n1$$p49$$tAlzheimer's research & therapy$$v17$$x1758-9193$$y2025 000276805 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/276805/files/DZNE-2025-00330.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000276805 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/276805/files/DZNE-2025-00330.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000276805 909CO 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