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@ARTICLE{lvarezSalvago:277321,
      author       = {Álvarez-Salvago, Francisco and Figueroa-Mayordomo, Maria
                      and Molina-García, Cristina and Pujol-Fuentes, Clara and
                      Atienzar-Aroca, Sandra and de Diego-Moreno, Manuel and
                      Medina Luque, Jose},
      title        = {{A}ssessing the {R}elationship of {D}ifferent {L}evels of
                      {P}ain to the {H}ealth {S}tatus of {L}ong-{T}erm {B}reast
                      {C}ancer {S}urvivors: {A} {C}ross-{S}ectional {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Life},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2075-1729},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00384},
      pages        = {177},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between
                      different pain levels in the affected arm and health status
                      in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCSs) and identified
                      predictors of pain at this stage of long-term survivorship.
                      Methods: A cross-sectional study of 80 participants
                      categorized LTBCSs by pain levels in the affected arm into
                      three groups: no pain (0-0.99), mild pain (1-3.99), and
                      moderate to severe pain (4-10). Variables assessed at least
                      5 years since diagnosis include pain in the non-affected
                      arm, pain interference, cancer-related fatigue (CRF),
                      physical activity (PA) level, fitness condition, mood state,
                      and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: A total
                      of $36.25\%$ of LTBCSs have no pain, $30\%$ have mild pain,
                      and $33.75\%$ have moderate to severe pain. Furthermore,
                      pain presence was associated with increased pain in the
                      non-affected arm, pain interference, CRF, mood disturbances,
                      and physical inactivity, as well as a decreased HRQoL (all p
                      < 0.05). Regression analysis found 'upset by hair loss', CRF
                      'affective domain', 'dyspnea', and 'alcohol consumption' as
                      significant predictors of higher levels of pain in the
                      affected arm (r2 adjusted = 0.646). Conclusions: A total of
                      $63.75\%$ of LTBCSs continue to experience mild to moderate
                      to severe pain in the affected arm, negatively impacting
                      their physical, mental, and emotional health status, with
                      increased pain severity ≥5 years beyond cancer diagnosis.
                      'Upset by hair loss', CRF 'affective domain', 'dyspnea', and
                      alcohol consumption collectively explain $64.6\%$ of the
                      affected-arm pain level in LTBCSs.},
      keywords     = {breast cancer (Other) / long-term survivorship (Other) /
                      pain (Other) / quality of life (Other) / rehabilitation
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Herms},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1110001},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40003586},
      doi          = {10.3390/life15020177},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/277321},
}