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@ARTICLE{Mathiopoulou:277795,
      author       = {Mathiopoulou, Varvara and Habets, Jeroen and Feldmann,
                      Lucia K and Busch, Johannes L and Roediger, Jan and Behnke,
                      Jennifer K and Schneider, Gerd-Helge and Faust, Katharina
                      and Kühn, Andrea},
      title        = {{G}amma entrainment induced by deep brain stimulation as a
                      biomarker for motor improvement with neuromodulation.},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00473},
      pages        = {2956},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Finely tuned gamma (FTG) oscillations from the subthalamic
                      nucleus (STN) and cortex in Parkinson's disease (PD)
                      patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) are often
                      associated with dyskinesia. Recently it was shown that DBS
                      entrains gamma activity at 1:2 of the stimulation frequency;
                      however, the functional role of this signal is not yet fully
                      understood. We recorded local field potentials from the STN
                      in 19 chronically implanted PD patients on dopaminergic
                      medication during DBS, at rest, and during repetitive
                      movements. Here we show that high-frequency DBS induced 1:2
                      gamma entrainment in 15/19 patients. Spontaneous FTG was
                      present in 8 patients; in five of these patients dyskinesia
                      occurred or were enhanced with entrained gamma activity
                      during stimulation. Further, there was a significant
                      increase in the power of 1:2 entrained gamma activity during
                      movement in comparison to rest, while patients with
                      entrainment had faster movements compared to those without.
                      These findings argue for a functional relevance of the
                      stimulation-induced 1:2 gamma entrainment in PD patients as
                      a prokinetic activity that, however, is not necessarily
                      promoting dyskinesia. DBS-induced entrainment can be a
                      promising neurophysiological biomarker for identifying the
                      optimal amplitude during closed-loop DBS.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Deep Brain Stimulation: methods / Parkinson
                      Disease: therapy / Parkinson Disease: physiopathology /
                      Subthalamic Nucleus: physiopathology / Male / Female /
                      Middle Aged / Aged / Gamma Rhythm: physiology / Biomarkers /
                      Dyskinesias: physiopathology / Dyskinesias: therapy /
                      Dyskinesias: etiology / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Kühn},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000008},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40140380},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41467-025-58132-7},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/277795},
}