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@ARTICLE{KlingerKnig:277992,
      author       = {Klinger-König, Johanna and Krause, Elischa and Wittfeld,
                      Katharina and Friedrich, Nele and Völzke, Henry and Grabe,
                      Hans J},
      title        = {{T}he age of onset and duration of childhood abuse: {A}n
                      extension of the childhood trauma screener.},
      journal      = {Child abuse $\&$ neglect},
      volume       = {163},
      issn         = {0145-2134},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00519},
      pages        = {107354},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Childhood abuse is a significant risk factor for worse
                      adult mental and physical health. Although reported as
                      important moderators, only a few studies have analyzed the
                      effects of the age of onset and duration of abuse,
                      particularly including potential sex differences.To
                      investigate the impact of timing and severity of childhood
                      abuse on adult mental and physical health issues, with an
                      emphasis on sex differences.Data from 2412 participants (52
                      $\%$ women, 28-89 years) of the general population.The
                      Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS) was extended to assess the
                      severity additionally to the age of onset and cumulative
                      exposure across predefined age intervals of physical,
                      emotional, and sexual childhood abuse. Associations with
                      adult health behavior, mental health issues, and
                      inflammatory markers were investigated using regression
                      analyses, complemented by sex interactions.An earlier onset
                      of emotional abuse was associated with lower resilience (b =
                      -0.51, p = 0.034), whereas greater cumulative exposure to
                      emotional abuse was associated with an earlier onset of
                      depression (b = -4.53, p = 0.041) and more severe depressive
                      symptoms (b = 0.94, p = 0.049). Effect directions differed
                      between men and women for associations between the age of
                      onset of emotional abuse and C-reactive protein levels (b =
                      -0.03, p = 0.042) as well as the cumulative exposure of
                      emotional abuse and fibrinogen levels (b = 0.04, p =
                      0.007).The findings underscore the significance of both
                      severity and timing on adult health outcomes, with notable
                      sex differences. These results support the need for targeted
                      prevention programs that consider multiple maltreatment
                      aspects, along with tailored interventions based on
                      sex-specific vulnerabilities.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Female / Male / Adult / Middle Aged / Aged / Age
                      of Onset / Aged, 80 and over / Adult Survivors of Child
                      Abuse: psychology / Adult Survivors of Child Abuse:
                      statistics $\&$ numerical data / Child Abuse: psychology /
                      Child Abuse: statistics $\&$ numerical data / Sex Factors /
                      Risk Factors / Child / Depression / Alcohol (Other) /
                      Childhood abuse (Other) / Depression (Other) / Inflammation
                      (Other) / Resilience (Other) / Smoking (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Grabe},
      ddc          = {370},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000001},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40081162},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107354},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/277992},
}