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@ARTICLE{Blotenberg:278918,
      author       = {Blotenberg, Iris and Wuttke, Alexandra and Boekholt,
                      Melanie and Köhler, Kerstin and Holle, Bernhard and
                      Thyrian, Jochen René},
      title        = {{A}ssessment of the validity of the {R}esilience and
                      {S}train {Q}uestionnaire in {C}aregivers of {P}eople with
                      {D}ementia ({R}es{Q}-{C}are-{D}em): a cross-sectional survey
                      study.},
      journal      = {BMJ open},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2044-6055},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BMJ Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00644},
      pages        = {e088738},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability
                      and validity (structural and convergent) of the Resilience
                      and Strain Questionnaire in Caregivers of People with
                      Dementia (ResQ-Care-Dem).Cross-sectional survey study.Online
                      survey in Germany.The ResQ-Care-Dem was completed by 243
                      informal caregivers of people with dementia (Mage=59.7
                      years, SD=10.9, $84.8\%$ female).The ResQ-Care-Dem consists
                      of four scales: two resilience scales (psychological aspects
                      and social aspects of resilience) and two burden scales
                      (interpersonal burden and general burden). The reliability
                      of the two resilience and two burden scales was assessed
                      using Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency.
                      Structural validity was examined using a principal axis
                      factor analysis. Convergent validity was assessed by
                      Pearson's correlations with the Zarit Burden Interview
                      (ZBI-7), the Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale (CES-8) and the
                      Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument (GAIN).The ResQ-Care-Dem
                      scales' internal consistencies ranged between 0.65 and 0.81.
                      The factorial structure could partly be confirmed, with the
                      items of the four scales primarily loading on four factors.
                      The burden scales demonstrated high and positive
                      correlations with the score for caregiver burden (ZBI-7,
                      r=0.51 - 0.55) and small to high, negative correlations with
                      the scores for caregiver self-efficacy (CES-8, r=-0.52
                      -0.56) and gains from caregiving (GAIN, r=-0.21 -0.22),
                      supporting construct validity of the scales. The resilience
                      scales showed small to high positive correlations with the
                      scores for caregiver self-efficacy (CES-8, r=0.50 - 0.57)
                      and gains from caregiving (GAIN, r=0.27 - 0.50), as well as
                      moderate negative correlations with the caregiver burden
                      score (ZBI-7, r=-0.45 -0.50), providing evidence for the
                      scales' construct validity.The reliability and structural
                      validity of the ResQ-Care-Dem were partially confirmed.
                      Evidence supporting its convergent validity suggests that
                      the questionnaire has potential as a tool for assessing
                      caregiver burden and resilience factors among informal
                      caregivers of people with dementia. While these findings
                      indicate potential practical applicability, future studies
                      should investigate its performance in real-world settings
                      and assess changes over time (eg, responsiveness) in
                      longitudinal studies.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Cross-Sectional Studies / Female / Caregivers:
                      psychology / Male / Dementia: nursing / Middle Aged /
                      Resilience, Psychological / Surveys and Questionnaires:
                      standards / Reproducibility of Results / Aged / Germany /
                      Psychometrics / Adult / Stress, Psychological: psychology /
                      Self Efficacy / Cost of Illness / Caregiver Burden (Other) /
                      Caregivers (Other) / Dementia (Other) / Psychometrics
                      (Other) / Stress, Psychological (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Thyrian / AG Holle},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510800 / I:(DE-2719)1610002},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40404320},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12104937},
      doi          = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088738},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/278918},
}