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@ARTICLE{Yang:278932,
      author       = {Yang, Xingwang and Zeng, Weiyi and Estrada Leon, Edgar
                      Santiago and Breteler, Monique and Aziz, N. Ahmad},
      title        = {{A}ssociation between brain structure and fine motor
                      function: findings from the population-based {R}hineland
                      {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {EBioMedicine},
      volume       = {116},
      issn         = {2352-3964},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00658},
      pages        = {105771},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Although an association between brain atrophy and decreased
                      fine motor function has been reported, results from previous
                      studies are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate whether
                      decreased fine motor function is reflected in age- and
                      sex-associated changes in brain structure across the adult
                      lifespan in a large community dwelling cohort study.The
                      Rhineland Study is an on-going population-based prospective
                      cohort study in Bonn, Germany. We used cross-sectional data
                      from the first 8318 participants of the Rhineland Study (age
                      range: 30-95 years), who underwent baseline assessments
                      between March 2016 and November 2022. A digital spiral
                      drawing test was utilised to evaluate fine motor skills:
                      tracing precision (deviation area), tracing velocity, and
                      frequency of tremor. Brain volumetric and cortical thickness
                      measures were obtained from 3T T1 MRI scans. The
                      relationship between brain structure and fine motor function
                      was examined with multivariable regression, while adjusting
                      for age, sex, education, smoking status and grip
                      strength.Smaller volumes and/or thinner cortices in several
                      brain regions were associated with decreased tracing
                      precision (higher tracing deviation area) and higher tremor
                      frequency, including total brain volume (tracing area: β =
                      -0.108, $95\%$ CI = -0.180 to -0.037; tremor frequency: β =
                      -0.077, $95\%$ CI = -0.164 to -0.011), hippocampal volume
                      (tracing area: β = -0.052, $95\%$ CI = -0.089 to -0.015),
                      and cortical thickness of the precentral gyrus (tracing
                      area: β = -0.052, $95\%$ CI = -0.082 to -0.023). Smaller
                      total cerebellar volume (β = 0.061, $95\%$ CI =
                      0.022-0.100) and total cerebellar grey matter volume (β =
                      0.060, $95\%$ CI = 0.022-0.099) were both associated with
                      lower tracing velocity. Women performed significantly better
                      on all three dimensions of fine motor function, but
                      age-associated changes in fine motor function did not differ
                      between sexes.Our findings indicate that fine motor function
                      is worse in older adults, and is better in women. Moreover,
                      changes in total brain volume and the thickness of several
                      key motor cortices are robustly related to fine motor
                      function, with the strongest effect for tracing
                      precision.Helmholtz Association DZNE institutional funds,
                      Alzheimer's Association Research Grant (Award Number:
                      AARG-19-616534), China Scholarship Council (Number:
                      202108080131), and European Research Council Starting Grant
                      (Number: 101041677).},
      keywords     = {Brain imaging analysis (Other) / Brain structure (Other) /
                      Fine motor function (Other) / MRI (Other) / Spiral drawing
                      test (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Aziz / AG Breteler / AG Reuter},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000071 / I:(DE-2719)1012001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1040310},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)Rhineland Study-20190321},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40403697},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105771},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/278932},
}