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@ARTICLE{Bruin:279183,
      author       = {Bruin, Willem B. and Zhutovsky, Paul and van Wingen, Guido
                      A. and Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie and Groenewold, Nynke A.
                      and Hilbert, Kevin and Winkler, Anderson M. and Zugman,
                      Andre and Agosta, Federica and Åhs, Fredrik and Andreescu,
                      Carmen and Antonacci, Chase and Asami, Takeshi and Assaf,
                      Michal and Barber, Jacques P. and Bauer, Jochen and
                      Bavdekar, Shreya Y. and Beesdo-Baum, Katja and Benedetti,
                      Francesco and Bernstein, Rachel and Björkstrand, Johannes
                      and Blair, Robert J. and Blair, Karina S. and Blanco-Hinojo,
                      Laura and Böhnlein, Joscha and Brambilla, Paolo and
                      Bressan, Rodrigo A. and Breuer, Fabian and Cano, Marta and
                      Canu, Elisa and Cardinale, Elise M. and Cardoner, Narcís
                      and Cividini, Camilla and Cremers, Henk and Dannlowski, Udo
                      and Diefenbach, Gretchen J. and Domschke, Katharina and
                      Doruyter, Alexander G. G. and Dresler, Thomas and Erhardt,
                      Angelika and Filippi, Massimo and Fonzo, Gregory A. and
                      Freitag, Gabrielle F. and Furmark, Tomas and Ge, Tian and
                      Gerber, Andrew J. and Gosnell, Savannah N. and Grabe, Hans
                      and Grotegerd, Dominik and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E.
                      and Hamm, Alfons O. and Han, Laura K. M. and Harper,
                      Jennifer C. and Harrewijn, Anita and Heeren, Alexandre and
                      Hofmann, David and Jackowski, Andrea P. and Jahanshad, Neda
                      and Jett, Laura and Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. and Khosravi,
                      Parmis and Kingsley, Ellen N. and Kircher, Tilo and Kostic,
                      Milutin and Larsen, Bart and Lee, Sang-Hyuk and Leehr,
                      Elisabeth J. and Leibenluft, Ellen and Lochner, Christine
                      and Lui, Su and Maggioni, Eleonora and Manfro, Gisele G. and
                      Månsson, Kristoffer N. T. and Marino, Claire E. and Meeten,
                      Frances and Milrod, Barbara and Jovanovic, Ana Munjiza and
                      Mwangi, Benson and Myers, Michael J. and Neufang, Susanne
                      and Nielsen, Jared A. and Ohrmann, Patricia A. and
                      Ottaviani, Cristina and Paulus, Martin P. and Perino,
                      Michael T. and Phan, K. Luan and Poletti, Sara and
                      Porta-Casteràs, Daniel and Pujol, Jesus and Reinecke,
                      Andrea and Ringlein, Grace V. and Rjabtsenkov, Pavel and
                      Roelofs, Karin and Salas, Ramiro and Salum, Giovanni A. and
                      Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Schrammen, Elisabeth and
                      Sindermann, Lisa and Smoller, Jordan W. and Soares, Jair C.
                      and Stark, Rudolf and Stein, Frederike and Straube, Thomas
                      and Straube, Benjamin and Strawn, Jeffrey R. and
                      Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin and Sylvester, Chad M. and Talati,
                      Ardesheer and Thomopoulos, Sophia I. and Tükel, Raşit and
                      van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena and Werwath, Kathryn and Wittfeld,
                      Katharina and Wright, Barry and Wu, Mon-Ju and Yang, Yunbo
                      and Zilverstand, Anna and Zwanzger, Peter and Blackford,
                      Jennifer U. and Avery, Suzanne N. and Clauss, Jacqueline A.
                      and Lueken, Ulrike and Thompson, Paul M. and Pine, Daniel S.
                      and Stein, Dan J. and van der Wee, Nic J. A. and Veltman,
                      Dick J. and Aghajani, Moji},
      title        = {{B}rain-based classification of youth with anxiety
                      disorders: transdiagnostic examinations within the
                      {ENIGMA}-{A}nxiety database using machine learning},
      journal      = {Nature Mental Health},
      volume       = {2},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2731-6076},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00711},
      pages        = {104 - 118},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Neuroanatomical findings on youth anxiety disorders are
                      notoriously difficult to replicate, small in effect size and
                      have limited clinical relevance. These concerns have
                      prompted a paradigm shift toward highly powered (that is,
                      big data) individual-level inferences, which are data
                      driven, transdiagnostic and neurobiologically informed. Here
                      we built and validated supervised neuroanatomical machine
                      learning models for individual-level inferences, using a
                      case–control design and the largest known neuroimaging
                      database on youth anxiety disorders: the ENIGMA-Anxiety
                      Consortium (N = 3,343; age = 10–25 years; global
                      sites = 32). Modest, yet robust, brain-based
                      classifications were achieved for specific anxiety disorders
                      (panic disorder), but also transdiagnostically for all
                      anxiety disorders when patients were subgrouped according to
                      their sex, medication status and symptom severity (area
                      under the receiver operating characteristic curve,
                      0.59–0.63). Classifications were driven by neuroanatomical
                      features (cortical thickness, cortical surface area and
                      subcortical volumes) in fronto-striato-limbic and
                      temporoparietal regions. This benchmark study within a
                      large, heterogeneous and multisite sample of youth with
                      anxiety disorders reveals that only modest classification
                      performances can be realistically achieved with machine
                      learning using neuroanatomical data.},
      cin          = {AG Grabe},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000001},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1038/s44220-023-00173-2},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/279183},
}