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@ARTICLE{Chai:279186,
      author       = {Chai, Yuhui and Li, Linqing and Stirnberg, Rüdiger and
                      Huber, Laurentius and Stöcker, Tony and Bandettini, Peter
                      A. and Sutton, Bradley P.},
      title        = {{B}lood nulling versus tissue suppression: {E}nhancing
                      integrated {VASO} and perfusion ({VAPER}) contrast for
                      laminar f{MRI}},
      journal      = {Imaging neuroscience},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {2837-6056},
      address      = {Cambridge, MA},
      publisher    = {MIT Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00714},
      pages        = {$imag_a_00453$},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow
                      (CBF)-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
                      have proven to be more laminar-specific than
                      blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast fMRI, but they
                      suffer from relatively low sensitivity. In previous work, we
                      integrated CBV and CBF into one contrast using DANTE (Delay
                      Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation) pulse
                      trains combined with 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) to create
                      an integrated blood volume and perfusion (VAPER)-weighted
                      contrast (Chai et al., 2020). Building on this, we have now
                      introduced a magnetization transfer approach to induce a
                      tissue-suppression-based VASO (vascular space occupancy)
                      effect and incorporated it with the VAPER technique to boost
                      the overall sensitivity while maintaining superior laminar
                      specificity, all without altering the original VAPER
                      sequence timing scheme. This magnetization transfer
                      (MT)–VAPER fMRI acquisition alternates between DANTE
                      blood-nulling and MT-tissue-suppression conditions,
                      generating an integrated VASO and perfusion contrast
                      enhanced by MT. Both theoretical and experimental evaluation
                      demonstrated an approximately $30\%$ enhancement in VAPER
                      sensitivity with MT application. This novel MT–VAPER
                      method was empirically validated in human primary motor and
                      visual cortices, demonstrating its superior laminar
                      specificity and robust reproducibility, establishing it as
                      valuable non-BOLD tool for laminar fMRI in human brain
                      function research.},
      cin          = {AG Stöcker},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013026},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1162/imag_a_00453},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/279186},
}