TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, Francisca S
AU  - Röhr, Susanne
AU  - Dragano, Nico
AU  - Schmidt, Börge
AU  - Becher, Heiko
AU  - Schikowski, Tamara
AU  - Gastell, Sylvia
AU  - Harth, Volker
AU  - Hoven, Hanno
AU  - Linseisen, Jakob
AU  - Greiser, Karina Halina
AU  - Leitzmann, Michael
AU  - Bohmann, Patricia
AU  - Castell, Stefanie
AU  - Heise, Jana-Kristin
AU  - Krist, Lilian
AU  - Keil, Thomas
AU  - Karch, André
AU  - Teismann, Henning
AU  - Moreno Velásquez, Ilais
AU  - Pischon, Tobias
AU  - Peters, Annette
AU  - Führer, Amand
AU  - Mikolajczyk, Rafael
AU  - Günther, Kathrin
AU  - Brand, Tilman
AU  - Meinke-Franze, Claudia
AU  - Schipf, Sabine
AU  - Grabe, Hans J
AU  - Brenner, Hermann
AU  - Koch-Gallenkamp, Lena
AU  - Berger, Klaus
AU  - Wagner, Michael
AU  - Katzke, Verena
AU  - Lieb, Wolfgang
AU  - Pabst, Alexander
AU  - Riedel-Heller, Steffi G
TI  - Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning-Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).
JO  - Aging, neuropsychology, and cognition
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
SN  - 1382-5585
CY  - Lisse
PB  - Swets & Zeitlinger
M1  - DZNE-2025-00754
SP  - 542 - 557
PY  - 2025
AB  - Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.21) compared to not having low income, living alone (b = -0.04) compared to not living alone, and being without employment (b = -0.09) compared to being employed. An interaction with age indicated that the difference in cognitive functioning was getting larger with age between the income groups and living alone status groups. Accordingly, the three conditions appear independently associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Pathways of how cognitive health in this population group can be improved need to be explored.
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Germany
KW  - Female
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Employment: statistics & numerical data
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Aged
KW  - Adult
KW  - Poverty: psychology
KW  - Income
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic (Other)
KW  - cognitive functioning (Other)
KW  - living alone (Other)
KW  - low income (Other)
KW  - poverty (Other)
KW  - unemployment (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:39688104
DO  - DOI:10.1080/13825585.2024.2438825
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/279377
ER  -