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@ARTICLE{Strmer:279427,
      author       = {Stürmer, Marian and Klinger-König, Johanna and Vollmer,
                      Marcus and Weihs, Antoine and Frenzel, Stefan and Dörr,
                      Marcus and Kaderali, Lars and Felix, Stephan B and Stubbe,
                      Beate and Ewert, Ralf and Völzke, Henry and Grabe, Hans J
                      and Krause, Elischa},
      title        = {{L}ong-term alteration of heart rate variability following
                      childhood maltreatment: {R}esults of a general population
                      study.},
      journal      = {European psychiatry},
      volume       = {68},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0924-9338},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00758},
      pages        = {e86},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for mental and
                      physical health problems in adulthood, potentially mediated
                      by long-term autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation.
                      To explore this link, the association between CM and
                      vagal-sensitive heart rate variability (HRV) metrics in
                      adults was examined, accounting for biopsychosocial
                      factors.Data from 4,420 participants in the Study of Health
                      in Pomerania were analyzed, with CM assessed using the
                      Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. HRV was derived from
                      10-second electrocardiograms and 5-minute pre-sleep
                      polysomnographic recordings. Post hoc analyses examined
                      abuse and neglect.CM was associated with reduced HRV
                      (logRMSSD: β = -0.20 $[95\%-CI:$ -0.28, -0.12], p =
                      1.2e-06), driven by neglect (β = -0.27 [-0.35, -0.18], p =
                      1.9e-09) rather than abuse (β = 0.01 [-0.12, 0.14], p = 1).
                      Adjustments for age, sex, and medication attenuated these
                      effects, which remained robust after additionally
                      controlling for socioeconomic, lifestyle, body mass index,
                      and depressive symptoms (fully adjusted model: CM β = -0.08
                      [-0.15, -0.001], p = .047; neglect β = -0.11 [-0.19,
                      -0.03], p = .009; abuse β = -0.08 [-0.20, -0.04], p =
                      .174). Age-related differences were found, with reduced HRV
                      in both young and older participants but not in middle-aged
                      participants (fully adjusted: F(2,743) = 6.75, p =
                      .001).This study highlights long-term ANS dysregulation
                      following CM, particularly neglect, indicated by altered
                      vagal-sensitive HRV metrics. Although small in magnitude,
                      the effect on the ANS was independent of adult
                      biopsychosocial factors. This long-term dysregulation may
                      contribute to an increased risk of adverse health outcomes
                      in adulthood.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Heart Rate: physiology / Female / Middle
                      Aged / Adult / Autonomic Nervous System: physiopathology /
                      Adult Survivors of Child Abuse: statistics $\&$ numerical
                      data / Electrocardiography / Aged / Polysomnography / CTQ
                      (Other) / ECG (Other) / RMSSD (Other) / childhood
                      maltreatment (Other) / heart rate variability (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Hoffmann / AG Grabe},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510600 / I:(DE-2719)5000001},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40534159},
      doi          = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10040},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/279427},
}