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@ARTICLE{Konen:280238,
      author       = {Konen, Franz Felix and Gehring, Philipp Sebastian and
                      Maier, Hannah Benedictine and Schröder, Sebastian and
                      Türker, Seda Nur and Frieling, Helge and Bleich, Stefan and
                      Huss, André and Tumani, Hayrettin and Lüdecke, Daniel and
                      Gallinat, Jürgen and Malchow, Berend and Hansen, Niels and
                      Wiltfang, Jens and Neyazi, Alexandra and Skripuletz, Thomas},
      collaboration = {CAP},
      title        = {{P}ilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals
                      inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid
                      schizophrenia.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-00916},
      pages        = {28319},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Paranoid schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with both
                      positive and negative symptoms. Currently, the role of
                      peripheral and central inflammation is increasingly
                      suspected as possible factor in the pathogenesis of
                      schizophrenia. This retrospective, monocentric pilot study
                      investigated 35 patients (15/35 female) diagnosed with
                      paranoid schizophrenia after exclusion of possible
                      underlying neuroinflammatory disorders to assess for
                      inflammatory changes of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
                      associated signs of neurodegeneration. Kappa free light
                      chains (KFLC), a panel of 21 cyto- and chemokines, and
                      neurofilament light chains (NFL) as surrogate parameters for
                      neuro-inflammation and -degeneration were determined in
                      patients with paranoid schizophrenia as well as age- and
                      sex-matched inflammatory (n = 35) and non-inflammatory
                      controls (n = 40). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia
                      exhibited significantly higher intrathecal synthesized
                      fractions of KFLC than non-inflammatory controls.
                      KFLC-positive patients with paranoid schizophrenia had
                      significantly higher NFL concentrations in CSF than
                      KFLC-negative patients according to Reiber´s diagram. NFL
                      concentrations in CSF of patients with paranoid
                      schizophrenia were associated with illness duration,
                      frequency of psychotic episodes, and amount of antipsychotic
                      treatment attempts. This pilot study highlights inflammatory
                      changes in the CSF among a specific subgroup of patients
                      with paranoid schizophrenia, positively correlating with
                      elevated NFL levels in CSF.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Schizophrenia, Paranoid: cerebrospinal fluid /
                      Female / Male / Pilot Projects / Biomarkers: cerebrospinal
                      fluid / Adult / Middle Aged / Retrospective Studies /
                      Inflammation: cerebrospinal fluid / Neurofilament Proteins:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Cerebrospinal fluid (Other) /
                      Chemokines (Other) / Cytokines (Other) / Kappa free light
                      chains (Other) / Neurofilament light chains (Other) /
                      Paranoid schizophrenia (Other) / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals)
                      / Neurofilament Proteins (NLM Chemicals) / neurofilament
                      protein L (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Wiltfang},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1410006},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40754554},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12319074},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-025-13367-8},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/280238},
}