TY  - CHAP
AU  - Grass, Tobias
AU  - Dokuzluoglu, Zeynep
AU  - Rodríguez-Muela, Natalia
TI  - Neuromuscular Organoids to Study Spinal Cord Development and Disease.
VL  - 2951
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - Springer US
M1  - DZNE-2025-00921
SN  - 978-1-0716-4681-6 (print)
T2  - Methods in Molecular Biology
SP  - 197 - 219
PY  - 2025
AB  - Many aspects of neurodegenerative disease pathology remain unresolved. Why do certain neuronal subpopulations acquire vulnerability to stress or mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes, while others remain resilient? Do these neurons harbor intrinsic marks that make them prone to degeneration? Do these diseases have a neurodevelopmental component? Lacking this fundamental knowledge hampers the discovery of efficacious treatments. While it is well established that human organoids enable the modeling of brain-related diseases, we still lack an organoid model that recapitulates the regionalization complexity and physiology of the spinal cord. Here, we describe an advanced experimental protocol to generate neuromuscular organoids composed of a wide rostro-caudal (RC) diversity of spinal motor neurons (spMNs) and mesodermal progenitor-derived muscle cells. This model therefore allows for the robust and reproducible study of neuromuscular unit development and disease.
KW  - Organoids: cytology
KW  - Organoids: metabolism
KW  - Spinal Cord: cytology
KW  - Spinal Cord: growth & development
KW  - Spinal Cord: pathology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Motor Neurons: cytology
KW  - Motor Neurons: metabolism
KW  - Animals
KW  - Mice
KW  - Neuromuscular Junction
KW  - Human induced pluripotent stem cells (Other)
KW  - Neuromesodermal progenitors (Other)
KW  - Neuromuscular spinal cord organoids (Other)
KW  - Skeletal and smooth muscle (Other)
KW  - Spinal motor neurons (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)7
C6  - pmid:39570548
DO  - DOI:10.1007/7651_2024_574
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/280243
ER  -