TY - JOUR AU - Lohner, Valerie AU - Badhwar, Amanpreet AU - Detcheverry, Flavie E AU - García, Cindy L AU - Gellersen, Helena M AU - Khodakarami, Zahra AU - Lattmann, Rene AU - Li, Rui AU - Low, Audrey AU - Mazo, Claudia AU - Metz, Amelie AU - Parent, Olivier AU - Phillips, Veronica AU - Saeed, Usman AU - Tan, Sean Y W AU - Tamburin, Stefano AU - Llewellyn, David J AU - Rittman, Timothy AU - Waters, Sheena AU - Bernal, Jose TI - Machine learning applications in vascular neuroimaging for the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JO - Alzheimer's research & therapy VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 1758-9193 CY - London PB - BioMed Central M1 - DZNE-2025-00937 SP - 183 PY - 2025 AB - Background:Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common neurological condition that contributes to strokes, dementia, disability, and mortality worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the use of neuroimaging CSVD markers in machine learning (ML) based diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment and dementia, and identify both methodological changes over time and barriers to clinical translation.Methods:Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched for original studies that used both neuroimaging CSVD markers and ML methods for diagnosing and prognosing neurodegenerative diseases (preregistration in PROSPERO: CRD42022366767). Each paper was independently reviewed by a pair of reviewers at all stages, with a third consulted to resolve conflicts. We meta-analysed the effectiveness of ML models to distinguish healthy controls from Alzheimer’s dementia and cognitive impairment, using area under the curve (AUC) as the performance metric.Results:We identified 75 studies: 43 on diagnosis, 27 on prognosis, and 5 on both. Nearly 60 KW - Alzheimer’s dementia (Other) KW - Artificial intelligence (Other) KW - Cerebral small vessel disease (Other) KW - Cognitive impairment (Other) KW - Dementia (Other) KW - Machine learning (Other) KW - Neurodegenerative diseases (Other) KW - Neuroimaging (Other) LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)16 C6 - pmid:40775365 DO - DOI:10.1186/s13195-025-01815-6 UR - https://pub.dzne.de/record/280259 ER -