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001     280952
005     20250921002000.0
024 7 _ |a 10.1186/s13195-025-01785-9
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037 _ _ |a DZNE-2025-01034
041 _ _ |a English
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100 1 _ |a Glaeser, Eva
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245 _ _ |a The economic burden of subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia: excess costs and associated clinical and risk factors.
260 _ _ |a London
|c 2025
|b BioMed Central
336 7 _ |a article
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336 7 _ |a ARTICLE
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520 _ _ |a With the availability of first disease-modifying treatments, evidence on costs across the entire Alzheimer's Continuum, especially for early disease stages, becomes increasingly important to inform healthcare planning, resource allocation, and policy decisions. This study assessed costs and cost-associated factors in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) dementia compared to healthy controls.The German DELCODE cohort study assessed clinical data, healthcare resource use, and informal care provision. Costs were calculated from payer and societal perspectives using standardized unit costs, and multivariate regression analyses identified cost-associated factors.From a payer perspective, costs were elevated by 26% for SCD (adjusted mean 5,976€ [95%CI 4,598-7,355€]), 85% for MCI (8,795€ [6,200-11,391€]) and 36% for AD (6,454€ [2,796-10,111€]) compared to controls (4,754€ [3,586-5,922€]). Societal costs were elevated by 52% for SCD (adjusted mean 8,377€ [95%CI 6,009-10,746€]), 170% for MCI (14,886€ [9,524-20,248€]) and 307% for AD (22,481€ [9,994-34,969€]) compared to controls (5,522€ [3,814-7,230€]). APOE e4 negative patients showed higher costs compared to APOE e4 positive patients. Hypertension was associated with higher costs.Healthcare costs are already elevated in early subjective and objective cognitive impairment, driven by formal and informal care. The study emphasizes the importance of early interventions to reduce the economic burden and delay progression.
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650 _ 7 |a Alzheimer’s disease
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Apolipoprotein E
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Cognition
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Cost
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Dementia
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Economics
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Mild cognitive impairment
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Subjective cognitive decline
|2 Other
650 _ 7 |a Utilization
|2 Other
650 _ 2 |a Humans
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Cognitive Dysfunction: economics
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Cognitive Dysfunction: epidemiology
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Cognitive Dysfunction: therapy
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Male
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Female
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Alzheimer Disease: economics
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Alzheimer Disease: epidemiology
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Alzheimer Disease: therapy
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Aged
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Cost of Illness
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Risk Factors
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Health Care Costs
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Aged, 80 and over
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Germany: epidemiology
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Cohort Studies
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Middle Aged
|2 MeSH
700 1 _ |a Kilimann, Ingo
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700 1 _ |a Platen, Moritz
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700 1 _ |a Hoffmann, Wolfgang
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700 1 _ |a Brosseron, Frederic
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700 1 _ |a Buerger, Katharina
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700 1 _ |a Coenjaerts, Marie
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700 1 _ |a Düzel, Emrah
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700 1 _ |a Ewers, Michael
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700 1 _ |a Fliessbach, Klaus
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700 1 _ |a Frommann, Ingo
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700 1 _ |a Gemenetzi, Maria
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700 1 _ |a Glanz, Wenzel
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700 1 _ |a Hellmann-Regen, Julian
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700 1 _ |a Incesoy, Enise I
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700 1 _ |a Janowitz, Daniel
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700 1 _ |a Jessen, Frank
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700 1 _ |a Peters, Oliver
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700 1 _ |a Priller, Josef
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700 1 _ |a Ramirez, Alfredo
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700 1 _ |a Schneider, Anja
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700 1 _ |a Spottke, Annika
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700 1 _ |a Spruth, Eike Jakob
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700 1 _ |a Teipel, Stefan
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700 1 _ |a Wagner, Michael
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700 1 _ |a Michalowsky, Bernhard
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773 _ _ |a 10.1186/s13195-025-01785-9
|g Vol. 17, no. 1, p. 142
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|t Alzheimer's research & therapy
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