% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Coors:281361,
      author       = {Coors, Annabell and Zeng, Weiyi and Ettinger, Ulrich and
                      Breteler, Monique M B},
      title        = {{N}europathology determines whether brain systems
                      segregation benefits cognitive performance.},
      journal      = {Imaging neuroscience},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {2837-6056},
      address      = {Cambridge, MA},
      publisher    = {MIT Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01108},
      pages        = {IMAG.a.138},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The human brain is a large-scale network, containing
                      multiple segregated, functionally specialized systems. With
                      increasing age, these systems become less segregated, but
                      the reasons and consequences of this age-related
                      reorganization are largely unknown. Thus, after
                      characterizing age- and sex-specific differences in the
                      segregation of global, sensorimotor, and association systems
                      using resting-state functional MRI data, we analyzed how
                      segregation relates to cognitive performance in both
                      classical and eye movement tasks across age strata and
                      whether this is influenced by the degree of neuropathology.
                      Our analyses included 6,455 participants (30-95 years) of
                      the community-based Rhineland Study. System segregation
                      indices were based on functional connectivity within and
                      between 12 brain systems. We assessed cognitive performance
                      with tests for memory, processing speed, executive function,
                      and crystallized intelligence and oculomotor tasks.
                      Multivariable regression models confirmed that brain systems
                      become less segregated with age (e.g., global segregation:
                      standardized regression coefficient (ß) = -0.298; $95\%$
                      confidence interval [-0.299, -0.297], p < 0.001) and that in
                      older age this effect is stronger in women compared to men.
                      Higher segregation benefited memory (especially in young
                      individuals) and processing speed in individuals with mild
                      neuropathology (not significant after multiple testing
                      correction). Lower segregation benefited crystallized
                      intelligence in 46- to 55-year-olds. Associations between
                      segregation indices and cognition were generally weak (ß ~
                      0.01-0.06). This suggests that optimal brain organization
                      may depend on the degree of brain pathology. Age-related
                      brain reorganization could serve as a compensatory mechanism
                      and partly explain improvements in crystallized intelligence
                      and the decline in fluid cognitive domains from adolescence
                      to (late) adulthood.},
      keywords     = {aging (Other) / brain systems segregation (Other) /
                      cognition (Other) / neuroaxonal damage (Other) /
                      resting-state fMRI (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Breteler},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012001},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40937157},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12421694},
      doi          = {10.1162/IMAG.a.138},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281361},
}