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@ARTICLE{Fischer:281366,
      author       = {Fischer, Florian U and Kollmann, Bianca and Wolf, Dominik
                      and Sebastian, Alexandra and Knaepen, Kristel and Riedel,
                      David and Mierau, Andreas and Ruffini, Nicolas and Endres,
                      Kristina and Winter, Jennifer and Strüder, Heiko K and
                      Bischof, Gerard N and Faraza, Sofia and Baier, Bernhard and
                      Binder, Harald and Drzezga, Alexander and Teipel, Stefan and
                      Fellgiebel, Andreas and Tüscher, Oliver},
      title        = {{C}ognitive training gain transfer in cognitively healthy
                      aging: per protocol results of the {G}erman {A}ge{G}ain
                      study.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {1663-4365},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01113},
      pages        = {1587395},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Cognitive decline is part of the normal aging process, but
                      also a major risk factor for dementia. Cognitive training
                      interventions aim to attenuate cognitive decline, but
                      training gains need to be transferable to untrained
                      cognitive abilities to influence everyday function.
                      Furthermore, the neurobiological basis of cognitive training
                      gain transfer remains elusive. A possible candidate is
                      increased bilateral hemisphere usage enabled by efficient
                      structural connectivity, especially of prefrontal regions.
                      Therefore, the present multicentric study used a cognitive
                      training intervention to demonstrate training transfer and
                      identify neurobiological modulators of successful
                      transfer.In total 235 subjects were enrolled in AgeGain; 180
                      underwent a broad 4-week cognitive training intervention at
                      three study sites. Pre- and post-training neuropsychological
                      testing was conducted and successful transferers were
                      identified according to preregistered definitions.
                      Pre-training, subjects underwent diffusion and functional
                      MRI to assess interhemispheric connectivity, measured as
                      microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum and
                      lateralization of functional activation patterns during a
                      cognitive control task. Logistic regression models were
                      estimated to predict successful transfer based on structural
                      connectivity and bilateralization of activation patterns.Out
                      of 180 subjects, 74 showed short-term training gain transfer
                      that was maintained over 3 months in 19 subjects. Neither
                      microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum, nor
                      bilateralized activation predicted training gain transfer
                      alone. However, their interaction was associated with
                      long-term transfer over 3 months: subjects with higher mean
                      diffusivity of the corpus callosum and more bilateral
                      functional activity or conversely with lower diffusivity of
                      the corpus callosum and more lateral functional activity
                      were more likely successful long-term transferers.We
                      demonstrated successful training gain transfer in $41.1\%$
                      of subjects, among whom $25.7\%$ maintained the transfer
                      over 3 months. Successful long-term transfer of training
                      gains may depend on divergent mechanisms of structural and
                      functional connectivity, which may explain previous
                      heterogeneous results in the literature.German Clinical
                      Trials Register (DRKS), ID: DRKS00013077. Registered on
                      November 19th 2017.},
      keywords     = {cognitive training (Other) / cognitive transfer (Other) /
                      functional connectivity (Other) / healthy aging (Other) /
                      interhemispheric structural connectivity (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Teipel / AG Boecker},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510100 / I:(DE-2719)1011202},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40933821},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12417520},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnagi.2025.1587395},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281366},
}