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@ARTICLE{Griffin:281794,
      author       = {Griffin, Jarred M and Bockemühl, Till and Randel, Blanca
                      and Gröschl, Stefanie and Papaioannou, Panagiotis and
                      Büschges, Ansgar and Bradke, Frank},
      title        = {{T}argeted environmental enrichment is more effective than
                      bipedal treadmill training after thoracic spinal cord
                      injury.},
      journal      = {Brain communications},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2632-1297},
      address      = {[Oxford]},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01184},
      pages        = {fcaf385},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Rehabilitation is widely recognized as an essential
                      component in evaluating the effectiveness of a therapeutic
                      intervention in animal models of translational spinal cord
                      injury research. Ideally, the rehabilitation method used
                      should be optimized for the specific injury model and
                      severity to adequately compare the efficacy of the
                      investigational therapy. For studies utilizing thoracic
                      spinal cord injuries, rehabilitation primarily involves
                      bipedal or quadrupedal treadmill training aimed at restoring
                      hindlimb function. Previously, we reported modest
                      improvements to hindlimb motor recovery following forced
                      bipedal treadmill training after moderate 175 kilodyne
                      thoracic spinal cord contusion injury, which were further
                      enhanced when combined with the microtubule-stabilizing drug
                      epothilone B. However, during this and other studies we have
                      noted that B-TMT presents several potential limitations,
                      including brief periods of active rehabilitation for each
                      animal, variability between animal handlers, animal stress,
                      and the focus on a single movement pattern. To overcome
                      these limitations, we investigated the effects of an
                      environmental enrichment-based rehabilitation that differs
                      from a general environment enrichment strategy by including
                      task-specific training elements, something we have termed
                      'targeted environmental enrichment'. This method provides
                      longer periods of active rehabilitation, operates
                      independently of the animal handler, thereby involves less
                      animal handling, which minimizes stress, and encourages a
                      wide range of movements. Our findings indicate that targeted
                      environmental enrichment outperforms bipedal training across
                      several behavioural measures which produced a ceiling effect
                      that epothilone B could not overcome. Therefore, these
                      results suggest that targeted environmental enrichment may
                      be a more effective rehabilitation approach than B-TMT and
                      should be considered for application in models of severe
                      spinal cord injury.},
      keywords     = {bipedal treadmill training (Other) / epothilone (Other) /
                      rehabilitation (Other) / spinal cord injury (Other) /
                      targeted environmental enrichment (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Bradke},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013002},
      pnm          = {351 - Brain Function (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41113676},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12529096},
      doi          = {10.1093/braincomms/fcaf385},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281794},
}