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@ARTICLE{Noli:281853,
      author       = {Noli, B. and Muqaku, B. and Gouda, M. and Manai, A. L. and
                      Nagl, M. and Anderl-Straub, S. and Werner, L. and Otto, M.
                      and Teunissen, C. E. and Oeckl, P. and Cocco, C.},
      title        = {{VGF} {AQEE}- and {GGEE}-peptides differentiate between
                      dementia types.},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {272},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0367-004X},
      address      = {[Darmstadt]},
      publisher    = {Steinkopff},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01226},
      pages        = {745},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies
                      (DLB) are neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping
                      clinical features, making differential diagnosis
                      challenging. The AQEE and GGEE peptides, derived from the
                      proVGF neuroprotein, have emerged as potential cerebrospinal
                      fluid (CSF) biomarkers for dementia. Indeed, we previously
                      observed a reduction in AQEE-10 levels using selected
                      reaction monitoring (SRM) and GGEE levels using
                      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cohort of DLB
                      patients compared to both controls and AD patients. To
                      better investigate the diagnostic utility of these peptides,
                      we analyzed CSF samples from both the original cohort and a
                      newly recruited cohort. The new cohort (cohort 1) included
                      patients, from Ulm University Hospital, with Parkinson's
                      disease dementia (PDD) and DLB (combined as PDD/DLB; n =
                      18), and AD (n = 19). The previously analyzed cohort (cohort
                      2), from the Amsterdam University Medical Center, included
                      DLB (n = 44), AD (n = 20), and cognitively healthy controls
                      (n = 22). AQEE-10 levels were quantified by multiple
                      reaction monitoring (MRM) in cohort 1 and by ELISA in both
                      cohorts. GGEE levels were measured by ELISA in cohort 1 to
                      corroborate and extend previous findings. MRM-based analysis
                      revealed a significant reduction of AQEE-10 levels in DLB
                      compared to both controls and AD (p < 0.05; ROC-AUC: $78\%$
                      and $82\%,$ respectively). This finding was confirmed by
                      ELISA, for both AQEE-10 and GGEE peptide levels, along with
                      a positive correlation between their concentrations. These
                      results support AQEE-10 and GGEE as promising peptide
                      biomarkers for distinguishing DLB from other dementia.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Male / Female / Aged / Lewy Body Disease:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Lewy Body Disease: diagnosis /
                      Biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid / Alzheimer Disease:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Alzheimer Disease: diagnosis / Aged,
                      80 and over / Cohort Studies / Parkinson Disease:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Parkinson Disease: diagnosis /
                      Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Middle Aged / Dementia:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Dementia: diagnosis / Diagnosis,
                      Differential / ROC Curve / Nerve Growth Factors /
                      Alzheimer´s disease (Other) / Biomarker (Other) /
                      Cerebrospinal fluid (Other) / Lewy Body dementia (Other) /
                      Neuroprotein (Other) / VGF (Other) / Biomarkers (NLM
                      Chemicals) / VGF protein, human (NLM Chemicals) / Nerve
                      Growth Factors (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Öckl},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000073},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41186756},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-025-13441-1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281853},
}