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@ARTICLE{Hansen:281872,
      author       = {Hansen, Niels and Wiltfang, Jens},
      title        = {{N}eues zur {B}lutbiomarker gestützten {F}rühdiagnostik
                      der {V}orstufen einer {A}lzheimer-{D}emenz | {N}ews on blood
                      biomarker-based early diagnosis of the preliminary stages of
                      {A}lzheimer's dementia},
      journal      = {Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie},
      volume       = {93},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0720-4299},
      address      = {Stuttgart [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Thieme},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01243},
      pages        = {446 - 452},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (ADD) has gained
                      new significance through the further discovery of blood
                      biomarkers. Blood biomarkers are less expensive, can be
                      measured fully automatically with high throughput, are less
                      invasive and provide faster information on specific dementia
                      biomarkers than current methods used in routine clinical
                      practice such as amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)
                      or CSF examination of underlying pathological changes in
                      Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with cognitive
                      impairment. The aim of this review is to provide a
                      presentation of the added value of blood-based biomarkers
                      for the early diagnosis of ADD. Individual blood biomarkers
                      are presented regarding their diagnostic reliability and
                      predictive value for the diagnosis of AD in precursors of
                      ADD ranging from subjective cognitive impairment (SCD) to
                      mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, the revised
                      criteria for the diagnosis and staging of AD are discussed.
                      Markers of tau pathology such as a phosphorylated tau
                      protein 217 (p-tau217), a phosphorylated tau protein 181
                      (p-tau181), a phosphorylated tau protein 231 (p-tau231), but
                      also amyloid-β (Aβ) markers such as the ratio of Aβ1-42/
                      1-40 are described as specific biomarkers for the early
                      diagnosis of AD. In addition, new amyloid peptide ratios
                      such as Aβ-3-42/-3-40 are discussed, which may provide more
                      insights into the pathogenesis of AD, as this N-terminal
                      elongated Aβ peptides are cleaved from the amyloid
                      precursor protein via a biochemical
                      oligodendroglia-dependent pathway (ADAMTS4=disintegrin and
                      metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4), which is
                      important in AD pathophysiology due to oligodendroglia
                      involvement. In addition, new promising composite hybrid
                      ratios are explained, which could provide advantages in the
                      early diagnosis of AD, such as the AT217-term or the
                      AT181-term, which relates Aβ1-40 to Aβ1-42 and multiplies
                      it by p-tau217 and p-tau181, respectively. Overall, the
                      review provides an overview of the potential of blood
                      biomarkers in the early diagnosis of ADD. However, these
                      biomarkers should not be used alone for early diagnosis, but
                      should always be evaluated in conjunction with other tests
                      such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Humans / Alzheimer Disease: diagnosis / Alzheimer Disease:
                      blood / Biomarkers: blood / Early Diagnosis / tau Proteins:
                      blood / Amyloid beta-Peptides: blood / Cognitive
                      Dysfunction: diagnosis / Cognitive Dysfunction: blood /
                      Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals) / tau Proteins (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Amyloid beta-Peptides (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Wiltfang},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1410006},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41197657},
      doi          = {10.1055/a-2698-5992},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281872},
}