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000281879 1001_ $$aGarza, Alejandra P$$b0
000281879 245__ $$aAcute exercise alters immune responses in older adults, with extracellular vesicle changes observed in a high-intensity intervention.
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000281879 520__ $$aAging is accompanied by immunoscenescence and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), contributing to age-related diseases. Physical exercise is a potent modulator of immune function and systemic inflammation, yet the effects of acute exercise intensity on immune activation, cytokine dynamics, and extracellular vesicle release in older adults remain incompletely characterized, particularly in a sex-specific context. This study investigated how a single session of acute continuous moderate versus intense exercise modulates immune cell subsets, cytokine levels, and EV profiles in healthy older individuals, with emphasis on sex-based differences.Thirty-three older adults completed either a moderate (n=14, 54-79 years; 60% VO2max, 30 minutes) or an intense cycling bout (n=19, 61-85 years; incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to exhaustion). Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 30 minutes, and 24 hours post-exercise. Immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. EVs were characterized by flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis, and cytokines were quantified by multiplex assays.Moderate exercise enhanced classical monocyte activation (↑CD86, ↓CX3CR1) without altering cell counts, and selectively elevated IL-6 in females. Intense exercise induced stronger innate immune activation, increasing classical and nonclassical monocytes, CD56bright/CD16low NK cells, and sustained TNFα levels. EVs positive for tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81) were elevated 24h after intense CPET. Exploratory sex-disaggregated analyses revealed distinct profiles: females had increased CD4+ EVs, while males showed elevated HLA-ABC+ EVs.Acute exercise modulates immune responses in an intensity- and sex-dependent manner in older adults. Extracellular vesicle release was assessed only in the high-intensity intervention, where significant changes were observed. These findings support personalized exercise regimens to enhance immune resilience and promote healthy aging.
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000281879 650_7 $$2Other$$acardiovascular fitness
000281879 650_7 $$2Other$$aextracellular vesicles
000281879 650_7 $$2Other$$ahealthy aging
000281879 650_7 $$2Other$$ainflammaging
000281879 650_7 $$2Other$$asex differences
000281879 7001_ $$aMorton, Lorena$$b1
000281879 7001_ $$aMotsch, Anna-Lena$$b2
000281879 7001_ $$aPuta, Christian$$b3
000281879 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9002212$$aStiebler, Marvin$$b4$$udzne
000281879 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9003681$$aLading, Yves$$b5$$udzne
000281879 7001_ $$aChakrabarty, Sabyasachi$$b6
000281879 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2812631$$aSchreiber, Stefanie$$b7$$udzne
000281879 7001_ $$aBuzás, Edit I$$b8
000281879 7001_ $$aBraun-Dullaeus, Rüdiger$$b9
000281879 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811487$$aMüller, Patrick$$b10$$eLast author$$udzne
000281879 7001_ $$aDunay, Ildiko R$$b11
000281879 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2606827-8$$a10.3389/fimmu.2025.1661161$$gVol. 16, p. 1661161$$p1661161$$tFrontiers in immunology$$v16$$x1664-3224$$y2025
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