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@ARTICLE{Garza:281879,
      author       = {Garza, Alejandra P and Morton, Lorena and Motsch, Anna-Lena
                      and Puta, Christian and Stiebler, Marvin and Lading, Yves
                      and Chakrabarty, Sabyasachi and Schreiber, Stefanie and
                      Buzás, Edit I and Braun-Dullaeus, Rüdiger and Müller,
                      Patrick and Dunay, Ildiko R},
      title        = {{A}cute exercise alters immune responses in older adults,
                      with extracellular vesicle changes observed in a
                      high-intensity intervention.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in immunology},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {1664-3224},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01250},
      pages        = {1661161},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Aging is accompanied by immunoscenescence and chronic
                      low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), contributing to
                      age-related diseases. Physical exercise is a potent
                      modulator of immune function and systemic inflammation, yet
                      the effects of acute exercise intensity on immune
                      activation, cytokine dynamics, and extracellular vesicle
                      release in older adults remain incompletely characterized,
                      particularly in a sex-specific context. This study
                      investigated how a single session of acute continuous
                      moderate versus intense exercise modulates immune cell
                      subsets, cytokine levels, and EV profiles in healthy older
                      individuals, with emphasis on sex-based
                      differences.Thirty-three older adults completed either a
                      moderate (n=14, 54-79 years; $60\%$ VO2max, 30 minutes) or
                      an intense cycling bout (n=19, 61-85 years; incremental
                      cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to exhaustion).
                      Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 30 minutes, and
                      24 hours post-exercise. Immune cells were analyzed by flow
                      cytometry. EVs were characterized by flow cytometry and
                      nanoparticle tracking analysis, and cytokines were
                      quantified by multiplex assays.Moderate exercise enhanced
                      classical monocyte activation (↑CD86, ↓CX3CR1) without
                      altering cell counts, and selectively elevated IL-6 in
                      females. Intense exercise induced stronger innate immune
                      activation, increasing classical and nonclassical monocytes,
                      CD56bright/CD16low NK cells, and sustained TNFα levels. EVs
                      positive for tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81) were
                      elevated 24h after intense CPET. Exploratory
                      sex-disaggregated analyses revealed distinct profiles:
                      females had increased CD4+ EVs, while males showed elevated
                      HLA-ABC+ EVs.Acute exercise modulates immune responses in an
                      intensity- and sex-dependent manner in older adults.
                      Extracellular vesicle release was assessed only in the
                      high-intensity intervention, where significant changes were
                      observed. These findings support personalized exercise
                      regimens to enhance immune resilience and promote healthy
                      aging.},
      keywords     = {cardiovascular fitness (Other) / extracellular vesicles
                      (Other) / healthy aging (Other) / inflammaging (Other) / sex
                      differences (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Müller / AG Schreiber},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310003 / I:(DE-2719)1310010},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41208983},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12591881},
      doi          = {10.3389/fimmu.2025.1661161},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/281879},
}