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@ARTICLE{Mauker:282305,
      author       = {Mauker, Philipp and Beckmann, Daniela and Kitowski, Annabel
                      and Heise, Constanze and Wientjens, Chantal and Davidson,
                      Andrew J and Wanderoy, Simone and Fabre, Gabin and Harbauer,
                      Angelika B and Wood, Will and Wilhelm, Christoph and
                      Thorn-Seshold, Julia and Misgeld, Thomas and
                      Kerschensteiner, Martin and Thorn-Seshold, Oliver},
      title        = {{F}luorogenic {C}hemical {P}robes for {W}ash-free {I}maging
                      of {C}ell {M}embrane {D}amage in {F}erroptosis, {N}ecrosis,
                      and {A}xon {I}njury.},
      journal      = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
      volume       = {146},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {0002-7863},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01275},
      pages        = {11072 - 11082},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Selectively labeling cells with damaged membranes is needed
                      not only for identifying dead cells in culture, but also for
                      imaging membrane barrier dysfunction in pathologies in vivo.
                      Most membrane permeability stains are permanently colored or
                      fluorescent dyes that need washing to remove their
                      non-uptaken extracellular background and reach good image
                      contrast. Others are DNA-binding environment-dependent
                      fluorophores, which lack design modularity, have potential
                      toxicity, and can only detect permeabilization of cell
                      volumes containing a nucleus (i.e., cannot delineate damaged
                      volumes in vivo nor image non-nucleated cell types or
                      compartments). Here, we develop modular fluorogenic probes
                      that reveal the whole cytosolic volume of damaged cells,
                      with near-zero background fluorescence so that no washing is
                      needed. We identify a specific disulfonated fluorogenic
                      probe type that only enters cells with damaged membranes,
                      then is enzymatically activated and marks them. The esterase
                      probe MDG1 is a reliable tool to reveal live cells that have
                      been permeabilized by biological, biochemical, or physical
                      membrane damage, and it can be used in multicolor
                      microscopy. We confirm the modularity of this approach by
                      also adapting it for improved hydrolytic stability, as the
                      redox probe MDG2. We conclude by showing the unique
                      performance of MDG probes in revealing axonal membrane
                      damage (which DNA fluorogens cannot achieve) and in
                      discriminating damage on a cell-by-cell basis in embryos in
                      vivo. The MDG design thus provides powerful modular tools
                      for wash-free in vivo imaging of membrane damage, and
                      indicates how designs may be adapted for selective delivery
                      of drug cargoes to these damaged cells: offering an outlook
                      from selective diagnosis toward therapy of
                      membrane-compromised cells in disease.},
      cin          = {AG Misgeld},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1110000-4},
      pnm          = {351 - Brain Function (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:38592946},
      doi          = {10.1021/jacs.3c07662},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282305},
}