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@ARTICLE{Kurz:282550,
      author       = {Kurz, Carolin and Carli, Laura and Guersel, Selim and
                      Schrurs, Isabelle and Jethwa, Alexander and Carboni,
                      Margherita and Bittner, Tobias and Hortsch, Sayuri and
                      Keeser, Daniel and Brendel, Matthias and Burow, Lena and
                      Haeckert, Jan and Koriath, Carolin A M and Tatò, Maia Lucia
                      and Utecht, Julia and Papazov, Boris and Morenas Rodriguez,
                      Estrella and Pogarell, Oliver and Palleis, Carla and
                      Weidinger, Endy and Stöcklein, Sophia and Levin, Johannes
                      and Höglinger, Günter and Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan and
                      Perneczky, Robert},
      title        = {{P}lasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau $\&$ neuroinflammation
                      in {A}lzheimer's disease and corticobasal syndrome.},
      journal      = {Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten},
      volume       = {275},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1433-8491},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01313},
      pages        = {2255 - 2273},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Blood-based biomarkers (BBBMs) could significantly
                      facilitate the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and
                      non-AD dementia by providing less invasive alternatives to
                      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography
                      (PET) imaging.This study investigated how well the
                      BBBMs-amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42/1-40 ratio, phosphorylated
                      tau181 (pTau181), apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), glial
                      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light
                      chain (NfL)-reflect thorough clinical work-up validated by
                      PET and CSF biomarkers in participants with AD (n = 27),
                      Aβ-negative CBS (n = 26), and agematched healthy controls
                      (HC) (n = 17).Factor and correlation explored biomarker
                      associations. Bayesian regression, backward selection
                      regression, and ROC curve analysis were applied to identify
                      optimal biomarker combinations and diagnostic cut-offs.In AD
                      cases, pTau181 and ApoE4 levels were elevated, and the
                      Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio was reduced. ROC analysis showed high
                      accuracy for pTau181, ApoE4 and Aβ1-42/1-40 in
                      discriminating AD from HC, with a combination significantly
                      improving performance. However, limited fold change, and
                      high variability reduced the diagnostic applicability of
                      Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio. Elevated NfL levels were the most
                      reliable biomarker for CBS-Aβ(-) cases. GFAP showed limited
                      discriminatory power due to overlapping levels, suggesting
                      that it may not serve as a disease-specific biomarker but
                      may be indicative of general neurodegeneration.This study
                      highlights the diagnostic utility of pTau181, ApoE4 and the
                      Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio for AD and NfL in the CBS-Aβ(-) cases
                      and emphasizes the added value of combined biomarker models
                      for group differentiation. Prospective studies will help
                      validate these findings and refine clinical thresholds.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Alzheimer Disease: blood / Alzheimer Disease:
                      diagnosis / tau Proteins: blood / Female / Amyloid
                      beta-Peptides: blood / Biomarkers: blood / Aged / Male /
                      Peptide Fragments: blood / Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein:
                      blood / Middle Aged / Neurofilament Proteins: blood /
                      Neuroinflammatory Diseases: blood / Apolipoprotein E4: blood
                      / Aged, 80 and over / Corticobasal Degeneration: blood /
                      Corticobasal Degeneration: diagnosis / Positron-Emission
                      Tomography / Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) (Other) / Beta-amyloid
                      1-40 (Aβ1-40) (Other) / Beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) (Other)
                      / Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Other) /
                      Neurofilament light chain (NfL) (Other) / Non-Alzheimer's
                      disease dementia; beta (Other) / Phosphorylated tau (pTau)
                      (Other) / tau Proteins (NLM Chemicals) / Amyloid
                      beta-Peptides (NLM Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Peptide Fragments (NLM Chemicals) / Glial Fibrillary Acidic
                      Protein (NLM Chemicals) / Neurofilament Proteins (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Apolipoprotein E4 (NLM Chemicals) / amyloid
                      beta-protein (1-42) (NLM Chemicals) / neurofilament protein
                      L (NLM Chemicals) / GFAP protein, human (NLM Chemicals) /
                      amyloid beta-protein (1-40) (NLM Chemicals) / MAPT protein,
                      human (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Dichgans / Clinical Research (Munich) / AG Simons / AG
                      Levin},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000022 / I:(DE-2719)1111015 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1110008 / I:(DE-2719)1111016},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) / 351 -
                      Brain Function (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:40314736},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12638345},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00406-025-02013-z},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282550},
}