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@ARTICLE{Fink:282554,
      author       = {Fink, Anne and Reinke, Constantin and Aretz, Benjamin and
                      Heneka, Michael T and Doblhammer, Gabriele},
      title        = {{C}an vigorous physical activity mitigate the effect of
                      systemic inflammation on cognitive performance? {R}esults
                      from a large older community dwelling population in {T}he
                      {N}etherlands.},
      journal      = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease},
      volume       = {108},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1387-2877},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {IOS Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01317},
      pages        = {1369 - 1377},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {BackgroundElevated systemic inflammation is associated with
                      poorer cognitive function, while vigorous physical activity
                      enhances cognition.ObjectiveThis study examines whether
                      physical activity moderates the relationship between
                      systemic inflammation and cognitive performance.MethodsWe
                      analyzed 24,661 adults (50+) from the Dutch Lifelines cohort
                      across two waves. Cognitive performance was assessed via a
                      validated composite score from the Cogstate Brief Battery,
                      with higher scores indicating lower cognitive performance.
                      Leukocyte count (3-11 × 109 cells/liter) served as a
                      systemic inflammation biomarker, categorized as low (<6.5 ×
                      109 cells/liter) or high (≥6.5 × 109 cells/liter). We
                      used the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing
                      Physical Activity to define moderate (0, 1-149, 150+
                      minutes) and vigorous (0, 1-74, 75+ minutes) physical
                      activity. We performed linear regression models to examine
                      the effect of inflammation and vigorous physical activity on
                      cognition, adjusting for moderate physical activity and
                      covariates. An interaction effect analyzed the potential
                      moderation of vigorous physical activity.ResultsIndividuals
                      with high systemic inflammation (SI) levels in both waves
                      exhibited significantly longer reaction times (b = 0.062
                      $[95\%$ confidence interval: 0.002; 0.122]) compared to
                      those with low SI levels in both waves. Individuals who
                      engaged in 1-74 min or 75+ minutes of vigorous physical
                      activity had significantly faster reaction times (1-74: b =
                      -0.114 [-0.193; -0.034], 75+: b = -0.160 [-0.210; -0.111])
                      than those who did not. The interaction term was
                      insignificant.ConclusionsAlthough vigorous physical activity
                      is protective, it cannot mitigate the negative association
                      between systemic inflammation and cognition. Nevertheless,
                      promoting vigorous physical activity in an ageing population
                      can be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying
                      cognitive decline.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Netherlands: epidemiology / Male / Female /
                      Inflammation: psychology / Inflammation: epidemiology /
                      Exercise: physiology / Exercise: psychology / Aged /
                      Cognition: physiology / Middle Aged / Independent Living:
                      psychology / Cohort Studies / Neuropsychological Tests /
                      Cognitive Dysfunction / Aged, 80 and over / Aging in Place /
                      Alzheimer's disease (Other) / cognitive performance (Other)
                      / cohort study (Other) / physical activity (Other) /
                      systemic inflammation (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Doblhammer},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012002},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41100846},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC12647380},
      doi          = {10.1177/13872877251386480},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282554},
}