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@ARTICLE{Held:282575,
      author       = {Held, Nina Rebecca and Bauer, Tobias and Stirnberg,
                      Rüdiger and Recke, Theda von der and Lehnen, Nils Christian
                      and Baumgartner, Tobias and Witt, Juri-Alexander and Rácz,
                      Attila and Pukropski, Jan and Walger, Lennart and von Wrede,
                      Randi and Badr, Mostafa and Wolf, David and Kersting,
                      Lennart Nils and Lange, Annalena and Bisten, Justus and
                      Schmidt, Markus and Pracht, Eberhard and Löwen, Daniel and
                      Faber, Jennifer and Helmstaedter, Christoph and Reuter,
                      Martin and Friedman, Alon and Radbruch, Alexander and
                      Surges, Rainer and Stöcker, Tony and Rüber, Theodor},
      title        = {{Q}uantitative susceptibility mapping at 7{T} as a
                      biomarker of post- and interictal extravascular iron in
                      patients with focal epilepsy.},
      journal      = {EBioMedicine},
      volume       = {122},
      issn         = {2352-3964},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2025-01335},
      pages        = {106040},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {Iron deposition in the brain has been associated with
                      epilepsy, but its anatomical distribution and its temporal
                      association to seizures remain unclear. Here, we investigate
                      brain iron in individuals with focal epilepsy using
                      interictal and postictal quantitative susceptibility mapping
                      (QSM) at 7 T MRI and explore its functional relevance.80
                      consecutive participants with focal epilepsy undergoing
                      presurgical evaluation and 50 healthy controls were
                      included. 8/80 participants with focal epilepsy had
                      interictal and postictal scans. High-resolution T1- and
                      susceptibility-weighted images were acquired and processed
                      using custom pipelines for QSM. Seizure onset zones were
                      determined by expert consensus, and neuropsychological
                      assessments included memory and mood. Parcel-wise analyses
                      examined group differences and correlations with cognitive
                      scores, controlling for age and sex.Participants with focal
                      epilepsy showed significantly higher interictal
                      susceptibility, which colocalised with the presumed seizure
                      onset zone. Impaired memory performance and more severe
                      depressive symptoms were correlated with higher interictal
                      susceptibility. Postictal susceptibility was significantly
                      higher than interictal susceptibility and associated to the
                      number of preceding seizures.QSM reflects both ictal iron
                      extravasation and interictal iron accumulation. If further
                      validated, it may help to non-invasively delineate the
                      epileptogenic zone and become a long-term biomarker for
                      seizure-burden.N.R.H. and T.Bauer were supported by the
                      BONFOR research commission of the Medical Faculty of the
                      University of Bonn. T.Bauer was funded by the Deutsche
                      Forschungsgemeinschaft. T.Bauer., L.W., A.L. and T.R. are
                      funded by the German Ministry for Research, Technology and
                      Space.},
      keywords     = {Blood–brain-barrier dysfunction (Other) /
                      Neuroinflammation (Other) / Postictal imaging (Other) /
                      Ultra-high-field MRI (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Stöcker / Clinical Research (Bonn) / AG Reuter / AG
                      Radbruch},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013026 / I:(DE-2719)1011001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1040310 / I:(DE-2719)5000075},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354) / 353
                      - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:41314150},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.106040},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/282575},
}